种植树木的人：Shubhendu Sharma

未分类

原文链接：

The man who plants trees: Shubhendu Sharma is reforesting the world, one patch at a time
https://blog.ted.com/shubhendusharma/
人类种植的森林，通常需要至少100年才能成熟。但是如果我们能让这个过程快十倍的话呢？
生态企业家Shubhendu Sharma 与他的公司Afforestt一起使用加速方法创建了迷你森林生态系统。它基于日本林务员Akira Miyawaki的实践，以及Sharma自己从事汽车制造业的经历所获得的经验。
他的公司绿化技术推广了一种标准化的方法，在贫瘠的土地上种植茂密、生长迅速的本地森林。

绿化公司技术的效果展示与量化

照片实例效果对比：
https://www.afforestt.com/results

文字说明：
https://www.afforestt.com/methodology

The Miyawaki Technique is a unique methodology proven to work worldwide, irrespective of soil and climatic conditions. More than 3,000 forests have been successfully created worldwide using this methodology.
Miyawaki 技术是一种独特的方法，经证明在世界各地都有效，无论土壤和气候条件如何。 利用这种方法，在全世界成功地创造了3000多个森林。

Upto 30 times more dense compared to conventional plantations.
与传统的人工林相比，密度高达30倍。

At least 50-100 different native species planted in the same area.
在同一地区种植至少50至100种不同的本地品种。

30 times better noise and dust reduction.
减少噪音和尘埃的效果要好30倍。

Upto 30 times better Carbon-dioxide absorption as compared to a monoculture plantation.
吸收二氧化碳的能力是单一栽培林的30倍。

Guaranteed growth of atleast 1 meter every year.
保证每年至少增长1米。

A completely maintenance-free, wild and native forest after the first three years.
在三年后形成一个完全免维护，野生和天然森林。

A completely chemical and chemical fertiliser free forest that sustains itself and supports local bio-diversity.
一个完全没有化学和化学肥料的森林，自给自足，支持当地的生物多样性。

创建森林的最低要求

A small piece of land (minimum 100 square meters) should be readily available for forest creation. 一小块土地(至少100平方米)应该很容易用于森林创造。

Minimum requirements – running water, fencing, exposure to sunlight, soil availability and maintenance staff for watering and de-weeding. 最低要求: 自来水、围栏、阳光照射、土壤可用性、浇水和除草维护人员

基本原理与说明

如果一块土地没有人类干预，一片森林会在大约600年至1000年的时间里自然地自生自灭，并接管这片土地，而这片土地上的物种将是原生的、健壮的，不需要任何维护。

方法强化了这一生长过程，在10年内建立了一个成熟的天然森林，是人类正常植树率的10倍。

效果与环境效益

方法可以在93平米的地方种42种300棵树。

环境保护效益

在两年内，鸟类种类从7种增加到了17种。 我想如果我现在做同样的调查，我会发现20个物种。 我们的地下水过去每年夏天都会消失，但第二年也会恢复。 在城市中，绿地改善了空气质量，增加了生物多样性，减少了热岛效应，从而改善了居住区的小气候。 天然原生森林是有益的，因为它们不需要维护，相比之下，大多数城市景观是巨大的资源密集型，减少其生态价值。 我们还专门种植森林来保护地下水位。

可能的食品解决方案

这听起来是食品安全和经济安全的理想解决方案。还没有足够的数据来比较传统农业和森林农业的产量。 但更大的问题是，由于原生森林必须具有生物多样性才能兴旺发达(包括至少50至100个不同物种的混合) ，如果市场需求鼓励农民只培育水果物种，他们就会忽视无用的物种，森林就无法生存。

实例：Shubhendu Sharma 的93平米的后院的森林里有42种树木，其中18种是水果。番石榴树结出了很多果实，以至于每天至少收获五公斤。所有的邻居都在采其妈妈做的番石榴花蜜因为我们有这么多

不同类型的森林(保护水源,公园，农场果园，经济树木等)

设计一个森林，主要议程将是美学ーー例如，提高有花的物种的比例。 如果我建造森林主要是为了保护水资源，那么树种应该生长得很大并且有很深的根。 在公园里，我们会选择种植小果实来吸引鸟类，以吸引公园的游客。 农场的森林将包括更多的水果品种，最多可达一半，其中包括坚果，因为坚果可以长时间保存，价值很高。 其他对农业社区有用的树木包括那些生产油料种子、牲畜饲料和人类柴火的树木。 因此，这种组合取决于空间和优先级。

创建阶段划分

forest creation happens in the following phases:
森林创建分为以下几个阶段:

第一阶段ー场地准备及物料采购

Phase I- Site preparation and material procurement

In this phase, we will guide you remotely or on-site to help you prepare for forest creation and will work with you to achieve the following:

实现以下目标:

Potential Natural Vegetation (PNV) database development 潜在自然植被(PNV)数据库开发
Species selection and quantification 物种选择与量化
Soil study and analysis 土壤研究和分析
Soil nourishment material selection and quantification 土壤营养物质的选择与量化
Quality checking of all consumables/non-consumables 所有消耗品 / 非消耗品的质量检查
Material procurement 物料采购
Creating the execution design 创建执行设计
Selecting most appropriate tools and machinery 选择最合适的工具和机械

第二阶段-创造小森林

Phase II – Tiny Forest creation

In this phase the tiny forest gets created and covers the following:

在这个阶段，小森林被创建并覆盖以下内容:

Train the workers and machine operator 培训工人和机器操作员
Earthwork and soil preparation 土方和土壤整理
Saplings' layering, arrangement and plantation 幼树的分层、整理和种植
Sapling support 树苗支持
Mulching 覆盖
Understanding forest maintenance and monitoring 了解森林维护和监测

主要成果

Key outcomes

The clients become forest creators by being involved in the entire process.
通过参与整个过程而成为森林创造者

一个最少100平方米，300棵树的试点森林被创造出来

方法步骤

1. 土壤

首先，从土壤开始。 我们确定了土壤所缺乏的营养。

2. 确定物种

然后我们根据气候来确定我们应该在这片土壤中种植什么物种。

3. 土壤营养确定

然后，我们确定该地区当地丰富的生物量，以提供土壤所需的营养。我们已经制定了一个规则，它必须来自50公里以内的地方，这意味着我们必须灵活。

4. 整土与种植

一旦我们把土壤修整到一米深，我们就会种植高达80厘米的树苗，每平方米密集种植3到5棵树苗。 森林本身必须覆盖100平方米的最小面积。

5. 灌溉与维护

这种植物长成了一片密集的森林，8个月后，阳光就无法照射到地面。 在这一点上，落下的每一滴雨水都被保存了下来，每一片落下的叶子都转化成了腐殖质。 森林生长的越多，它为自己产生的养分就越多，从而加速生长。 这种密度也意味着单株树木开始争夺阳光ーー这是这些森林生长如此迅速的另一个原因。

森林在最初的两三年里需要灌溉和除草，到那时它就可以自给自足了。 但是在那之后，最好尽可能少地干扰森林，让它的生态系统(包括动物)得以建立。

存活率大约是92%。

中英文对照原文

A forest planted by humans, then left to nature’s own devices, typically takes at least 100 years to mature. But what if we could make the process happen ten times faster? With his company Afforestt, eco-entrepreneur Shubhendu Sharma is creating mini-forest ecosystems using an accelerated method. It’s based on the practices of Japanese forester Akira Miyawaki, as well as on Sharma’s own experiences gleaned from his former career in car manufacturing. The TED Blog spoke to Sharma to learn how he’s developing ways to grow native, self-sustaining forests anywhere in the world, with the efficiency of industrial processes.

人类种植的森林，然后任其自生自灭，通常需要至少100年才能成熟。 但是如果我们可以让这个过程快十倍呢？ 生态企业家舒布亨杜•夏尔马(Shubhendu Sharma)与他的公司绿化技术公司一起，正在用加速方法创建小型森林生态系统。 它基于日本林务员 Akira Miyawaki 的实践，以及 Sharma 从他以前的汽车制造生涯中积累的经验。 Ted 博客采访了 Sharma，了解他是如何开发出以工业生产过程的效率，在世界任何地方种植原生的、自给自足的森林的方法。

You started out as an industrial engineer at Toyota. How did you go from the car industry to forestry?

你一开始是丰田的工业工程师。 你是如何从汽车工业转向林业的？

Back in 2008, I was at Toyota in India, helping prepare assembly lines and dispatch systems for car manufacture. One day, a scientist named Akira Miyawaki came to the factory to plant a forest on Toyota’s campus. He gave a presentation on his methods, and I became so fascinated that I decided I wanted to learn how to plant a forest myself.

2008年，我在印度的丰田公司，帮助准备汽车制造的装配线和调度系统。 一天，一位名叫宫胁明(akiramayawaki)的科学家来到工厂，在丰田的校园里种植一片森林。 他做了一个关于他的方法的演讲，我变得如此着迷，以至于我决定自己学习如何种植一片森林。

Miyawaki is quite famous, and very old — I think he’s now 86. He has planted around 40 million trees all over the world. In 2006, he won the Blue Planet Prize — the equivalent to the Nobel Prize in the environmental field. His method is based on what’s called “potential natural vegetation” — a theory that if a piece of land is free from human intervention, a forest will naturally self-seed and take over that land within a period of around 600 to 1,000 years, with the species that would be native and robust, and that would require no maintenance. Miyawaki’s methodology amplifies that growth process to establish a mature, native forest in ten years — ten times the normal rate of forests planted by humans.

宫胁相当有名，也很老了ーー我想他现在86岁了。 他在世界各地种植了大约4000万棵树。 2006年，他获得了蓝色星球奖——相当于环境领域的诺贝尔奖。 他的方法是基于所谓的"潜在的自然植被"——这个理论认为，如果一块土地没有人类干预，一片森林会在大约600年至1000年的时间里自然地自生自灭，并接管这片土地，而这片土地上的物种将是原生的、健壮的，不需要任何维护。 宫胁的研究方法强化了这一生长过程，在10年内建立了一个成熟的天然森林，是人类正常植树率的10倍。

I volunteered with Miyawaki and studied his methodologies, and then planted a forest of 300 trees of 42 species in a 93-square-meter plot in my back garden. It was such a success that I decided to quit the car industry to start Afforestt — a for-profit company devoted to planting native forests for all kinds of clients, from farmers to corporations to city governments.

我和宫胁一起做志愿者，研究他的方法学，然后在我家后花园93平米的地方种了42种300棵树。 由于取得了巨大的成功，我决定退出汽车行业，创办绿化公司。绿化公司是一家营利性公司，致力于为从农民到企业再到市政府的各种客户种植本土森林。

Sharma breaking ground in preparation to plant a new forest. Photo: Afforestt
Sharma breaking ground in preparation to plant a new forest. Photo: Afforestt

沙玛破土动工，准备种植一片新的森林。 图片来源: 绿化公司

Mushrooms growing through rice paddy straw, a locally sourced amendment for soil. Photo: Afforestt
Mushrooms growing through rice paddy straw, a locally sourced amendment for soil. Photo: Afforestt

用稻草种植的蘑菇，这是一种当地来源的土壤改良剂。 图片来源: 绿化公司

How does the method work, exactly?

这个方法到底是怎么起作用的？

It takes six steps. First, you start with soil. We identify what nutrition the soil lacks. Then we identify what species we should be growing in this soil, depending on climate. We then identify locally abundant biomass available in that region to give the soil whatever nourishment it needs. This is typically an agricultural or industrial byproduct — like chicken manure or press mud, a byproduct of sugar production — but it can be almost anything. We’ve made a rule that it must come from within 50 kilometers of the site, which means we have to be flexible. Once we’ve amended the soil to a depth of one meter, we plant saplings that are up to 80 cm high, packing them in very densely — three to five saplings per square meter. The forest itself must cover a 100-square-meter minimum area. This grows into a forest so dense that after eight months, sunlight can’t reach the ground. At this point, every drop of rain that falls is conserved, and every leaf that falls is converted into humus. The more the forest grows, the more it generates nutrients for itself, accelerating growth. This density also means that individual trees begin competing for sunlight — another reason these forests grow so fast.

这需要六个步骤。 首先，从土壤开始。 我们确定了土壤所缺乏的营养。 然后我们根据气候来确定我们应该在这片土壤中种植什么物种。 然后，我们确定该地区当地丰富的生物量，以提供土壤所需的营养。 这通常是一种农业或工业副产品ーー像鸡粪或制糖的副产品压泥ーー但它几乎可以是任何东西。 我们已经制定了一个规则，它必须来自50公里以内的地方，这意味着我们必须灵活。 一旦我们把土壤修整到一米深，我们就会种植高达80厘米的树苗，每平方米密集种植3到5棵树苗。 森林本身必须覆盖100平方米的最小面积。 这种植物长成了一片密集的森林，8个月后，阳光就无法照射到地面。 在这一点上，落下的每一滴雨水都被保存了下来，每一片落下的叶子都转化成了腐殖质。 森林生长的越多，它为自己产生的养分就越多，从而加速生长。 这种密度也意味着单株树木开始争夺阳光ーー这是这些森林生长如此迅速的另一个原因。

The forest needs to be watered and weeded for the first two or three years, at which point it becomes self-sustaining. But after that, it’s best to disturb the forest as little as possible to allow its ecosystem — including animals — to become established.

森林在最初的两三年里需要灌溉和除草，到那时它就可以自给自足了。 但是在那之后，最好尽可能少地干扰森林，让它的生态系统(包括动物)得以建立。

Don’t you have to keep an eye on the forest in case of changing conditions? Rainfall patterns, for example, are different from what they were in the past, and that could affect native species.

难道你不必密切注意森林的情况以防万一吗？ 例如，降雨模式与过去不同，这可能会影响当地物种。

That’s right. In Oman, for example, where I am doing a forestation project, the climate is changing rapidly. The country is getting more rainfall year after year, so biodiversity is actually increasing. We have gone from having to plant thorny, bushy species that can grow in any desert to choosing more deciduous species. This is why, for every species chosen, we do a thorough survey first. We go by real-time data, gathering information for our native species databases. So while a book on native trees may say that X, Y, Z species belongs to a particular geographic region, until we see that species grow full bloom and in good health in that region with our own eyes, we won’t select it as a forestation species.

没错。 例如，在阿曼，我正在做一个植树造林项目，那里的气候变化很快。 这个国家年复一年的降雨量越来越多，所以生物多样性实际上在增加。 我们已经从不得不种植多刺的、丛生的、可以在任何沙漠生长的物种转变为选择更多的落叶物种。 这就是为什么，对于每一个被选中的物种，我们首先要做一个彻底的调查。 我们通过实时数据，为我们的本土物种数据库收集信息。 因此，尽管一本关于本土树种的书可能会说，x，y，z 物种属于一个特定的地理区域，直到我们亲眼看到物种在那个区域生长茂盛并且健康地生长，我们才会选择它作为一个造林物种。

Soil is amended to depths of up to 1 meter before saplings are planted. Photo: Afforestt
The soil is amended before saplings are planted. Photo: Afforestt

在种植树苗之前先把土壤改良一下。 图片来源: 绿化公司

A freshly planted sapling. Photo: Afforestt
A freshly planted sapling. Photo: Afforestt

新栽种的树苗。 图片来源: 绿化公司

How do you decide what native species to plant?

你如何决定种植哪些本土物种？

To be honest, I don’t know much about native species! Based on my knowledge of car manufacturing models, I developed a computer program that registers tree species’ specific parameters — such as how high it grows, in what months it blooms, the kinds of temperatures it can tolerate, and so on. For example, if there is a species that grows up to 50 feet, this one next to it should grow only up to 20 because we don’t want a conflict after five years. In other words, we use car-assembly logic to pick an ideal combination of trees to best utilize vertical space. So it’s not me or any individual expert who decides what species to plant, at what ratios. The software figures it out.

老实说，我对本地物种了解不多！ 基于我对汽车制造模型的了解，我开发了一个计算机程序，可以记录树种的具体参数——比如树种生长的高度、开花的月份、能承受的温度等等。 例如，如果有一个物种可以长到50英尺，那么它旁边的这个物种应该只能长到20英尺，因为我们不希望五年后发生冲突。 换句话说，我们使用汽车装配逻辑来选择树木的理想组合，以最好地利用垂直空间。 所以不是我或任何专家个人决定种植什么物种，以什么比例种植。 软件会自动识别出来。

That takes into account height and area — but what if, say, one kind of tree needs much more water than another. Or what if one kind of tree attracts a particular kind of bird that is too much of a predator for another tree’s insects?

这需要考虑树的高度和面积ーー但是如果一种树比另一种树需要更多的水分呢。 或者，如果一种树吸引了一种特殊的鸟类，而这种鸟类对于另一种树的昆虫来说是捕食者，又该怎么办呢？

For water, we have a pattern requirement of how much water is required per square meter. For example, in India, that’s five liters per square meter. But as for animals and pests, we cannot predict with 100% accuracy the behavior of forests after five or ten years because you can’t know what kind of bird species, predators or pests are going to attack in time. We want 100% survival, but the survival rate we have is around 92%. That 8% gap is what we work to bridge. We aim to take our methodologies to such perfection that no trees will die. But it’s still a natural process: we have to let the forest grow and see what can or can’t live in complete harmony with surrounding species. Those that die, we do not replace — that’s nature. It evolves by trial and error.

对于水，我们有一个每平方米需要多少水的模式要求。 例如，在印度，每平方米5升。 但是对于动物和害虫，我们不能100% 准确地预测5年或10年后森林的行为，因为你不知道什么样的鸟类、食肉动物或害虫会及时攻击。 我们想要100% 的存活率，但我们的存活率大约是92% 。 这8% 的差距正是我们努力弥合的。 我们的目标是使我们的方法达到完美，使树木不会死亡。 但这仍然是一个自然的过程: 我们必须让森林生长，看看什么能或不能与周围的物种完全和谐地生活。 那些死去的人，我们不能取代---- 这就是自然。 它通过尝试和错误而发展。

Can your forests be used to grow food and other useful products?

你们的森林能用来种植粮食和其他有用的产品吗？

The forest in my backyard has 42 species of trees, of which 18 are fruits. Our guava trees produce so much fruit that we harvest at least five kilos a day. All my neighbors are getting guava nectar that my mother makes because we have such an abundance,

我后院的森林里有42种树木，其中18种是水果。 我们的番石榴树结出了很多果实，以至于我们每天至少收获五公斤。 我所有的邻居都在采我妈妈做的番石榴花蜜因为我们有这么多

At Afforestt, we grow four different types of forest. If I’m designing a forest for a corporate setting, the primary agenda will be aesthetics — a higher ratio of species with flowers, for instance. If I make a forest primarily for the sake of water conservation, the tree species should grow huge and have deep roots. In a public park, we’d choose species that grow small fruits to attract birds, appealing to park visitors. A forest on a farm would include more fruit species in the mix — up to half, including nuts, which offer high value as they can be preserved for a long time. Other useful trees for farming communities include those that produce oil seeds, fodder for cattle, firewood for humans. So the combination depends on space and the priorities of the client.

在 Afforestt，我们种植四种不同类型的森林。 如果我为一个企业设计一个森林，主要议程将是美学ーー例如，提高有花的物种的比例。 如果我建造森林主要是为了保护水资源，那么树种应该生长得很大并且有很深的根。 在公园里，我们会选择种植小果实来吸引鸟类，以吸引公园的游客。 农场的森林将包括更多的水果品种，最多可达一半，其中包括坚果，因为坚果可以长时间保存，价值很高。 其他对农业社区有用的树木包括那些生产油料种子、牲畜饲料和人类柴火的树木。 因此，这种组合取决于空间和客户的优先级。

Have you ever planted a forest specifically for a farming community to produce an income? It sounds like an ideal solution for both food security and economic security.

你是否曾经专门为农业社区种植森林以获得收入？ 这听起来是食品安全和经济安全的理想解决方案。

I have planted two forests for organic farmers, but not specifically for the income. I don’t yet have enough data to compare conventional farming yields with that of forest farming. But the bigger problem is that, because a native forest has to be biodiverse to thrive — including a mix of at least 50 to 100 different species — if market demand encourages farmers to nurture only fruit species, they will ignore the non-useful species, and the forest would not survive.

我为种植有机作物的农民种植了两片森林，但不是专门为了收入。 我还没有足够的数据来比较传统农业和森林农业的产量。 但更大的问题是，由于原生森林必须具有生物多样性才能兴旺发达(包括至少50至100个不同物种的混合) ，如果市场需求鼓励农民只培育水果物种，他们就会忽视无用的物种，森林就无法生存。

An Afforest project transforms a barren piece of land into a lush, dense forest on a residential estate. Photo: Afforestt
An Afforest project transforms a barren piece of land into a lush, dense forest on a residential estate. Photo: Afforestt

绿化工程将一片贫瘠的土地变成了住宅区茂密的森林。 图片来源: 绿化公司

A bird visits Sharma's experimental backyard forest. Photo: Afforestt
A bird visits Sharma’s experimental backyard forest. Photo: Afforestt

一只鸟造访了 Sharma 的实验性后院森林。 图片来源: 绿化公司

What tangible environmental benefits have you seen by using this afforestation method?

使用这种造林方法，你看到了什么切实的环境效益？

We haven’t done formal scientific surveys, but I can tell you that from personal observation in my own garden, I’ve seen an increase from seven bird species to 17 in two years. I think if I were to do the same survey now, I’d find 20 species. Our groundwater used to disappear every summer, but returned after the second year, too. In cities, green areas improve air quality, increase biodiversity and reduce the heat-island effect, which improves the microclimates of residential areas. Natural native forests are beneficial because they require no maintenance, in contrast to most urban landscaping, which is immensely resource-intensive, diminishing its ecological value. We also plant forests specifically to conserve groundwater tables.

我们还没有做过正式的科学调查，但是我可以告诉你，通过我在自家花园的亲自观察，我发现在两年内，鸟类种类从7种增加到了17种。 我想如果我现在做同样的调查，我会发现20个物种。 我们的地下水过去每年夏天都会消失，但第二年也会恢复。 在城市中，绿地改善了空气质量，增加了生物多样性，减少了热岛效应，从而改善了居住区的小气候。 天然原生森林是有益的，因为它们不需要维护，相比之下，大多数城市景观是巨大的资源密集型，减少其生态价值。 我们还专门种植森林来保护地下水位。

I would love to partner with someone to conduct environmental studies and collect official data. It’s really expensive. There’s a specific scientific methodology to measure groundwater levels, for example.

我很乐意与某人合作进行环境研究和收集官方数据。 真的很贵。 例如，有一种特定的科学方法来测量地下水水位。

What’s next?

下一步是什么？

So far, we have planted 43,000 trees for 33 clients. But actually, our plan is to automate the system so that we can give anyone anywhere in the world step-by-step instructions on how to plant a native forest. We plan to crowdsource knowledge of native tree species; I’m working on a website for this part of the project, and plan to launch it within a year. To make soil analysis easy for remote clients, we are also developing a small, GPS-enabled soil probe that will test soil and upload the data onto our server. When the probe is integrated with our database, at the push of a button you’ll know the soil constituents and what nutrients it needs, and we’ll be able to immediately send a complete species list and a detailed procedure. The hardware can be used to monitor the growth of this forest by reading how much sunlight is reaching the ground, changes in soil nutrition and moisture and so on. We hope to launch five forest plantations in different places using this method, to prove that by using our methodology and following it step-by-step, anyone can make their own forest.

到目前为止，我们已经为33个客户种植了43,000棵树。 但实际上，我们的计划是实现系统的自动化，这样我们就可以给世界上任何地方的任何人一步一步地指导如何种植原生森林。 我们计划众包本土树种的知识; 我正在为这个项目的这一部分建立一个网站，并计划在一年内推出它。 为了方便远程客户进行土壤分析，我们还开发了一个小型的、支持 gps 的土壤探测器，它将测试土壤并将数据上传到我们的服务器上。 当探测器与我们的数据库整合在一起时，只需按一下按钮，你就会知道土壤的成分和它所需要的营养物质，我们就可以立即发送一份完整的物种清单和一份详细的程序。 硬件可以用来监测这个森林的生长，通过读取有多少阳光到达地面，土壤营养和水分的变化等等。 我们希望用这种方法在不同地区推出五种林场，以证明通过我们的方法论和循序渐进的方法，任何人都可以创造自己的森林。

What’s your vision for Afforestt? Do you think a single company can make forestation scalable to the point where we can, say, start turning around climate change?

你对绿化的愿景是什么？ 你认为一个单独的公司可以使造林扩展到我们可以，比如说，开始扭转气候变化的程度吗？

Our vision is to bring back entire lost forests! Once we are able to share our afforestation methodology remotely, I believe we can increase scaling exponentially. That’s why we concentrate on consulting: we share our knowledge with our clients in a way that they can continue to make forests on their own. Afforestt is a vehicle for offering afforestation methodology to people, but it’s the people who implement it who will make forestation scalable.

我们的愿景是恢复整个失去的森林！ 一旦我们能够远程分享我们的造林方法，我相信我们能够成倍增长。 这就是我们专注于咨询的原因: 我们与我们的客户分享我们的知识，这样他们就可以继续自己创造森林。 绿化是为人们提供造林方法论的工具，但只有实施绿化的人才能使造林具有可扩展性。