itertools库

python库

无限迭代器：Infinite iterators

itertools.count(start=0, step=1)

创建一个迭代器，生成从start开始的数，间隔为step，如果超出了sys.maxint，计数器将溢出并继续从-sys.maxint-1开始计算。

def count(start=0, step=1):
    # count(10) --> 10 11 12 13 14 ...
    # count(2.5, 0.5) -> 2.5 3.0 3.5 ...
    n = start
    while True:
        yield n
        n += step

itertools.cycle(iterable)

创建一个迭代器，对iterable中的元素反复执行循环操作，内部会生成iterable中的元素的一个副本，此副本用于返回循环中的重复项。

def cycle(iterable):
    # cycle('ABCD') --> A B C D A B C D A B C D ...
    saved = []
    for element in iterable:
        yield element
        saved.append(element)
    while saved:
        for element in saved:
            yield element

itertools.repeat(object[, times])

创建一个迭代器，重复生成object，times（如果已提供）指定重复计数，如果未提供times，将无止尽返回该对象。

def repeat(object, times=None):
    # repeat(10, 3) --> 10 10 10
    if times is None:
        while True:
            yield object
    else:
        for i in xrange(times):
            yield object

可终止迭代器：Iterators terminating on the shortest input sequence

itertools.chain(*iterables)

将多个迭代器作为参数, 但只返回单个迭代器, 它产生所有参数迭代器的内容, 就好像他们是来自于一个单一的序列.

def chain(*iterables):
    # chain('ABC', 'DEF') --> A B C D E F
    for it in iterables:
        for element in it:
            yield element

itertools.compress(data, selectors)

提供一个选择列表，对原始数据进行筛选

def compress(data, selectors):
    # compress('ABCDEF', [1,0,1,0,1,1]) --> A C E F
    return (d for d, s in zip(data, selectors) if s)

itertools.dropwhile(predicate, iterable)

创建一个迭代器，只要函数predicate(item)为True，就丢弃iterable中的项，如果predicate返回False，就会生成iterable中的项和所有后续项。
即：在条件为false之后的第一次, 返回迭代器中剩下来的项.

def dropwhile(predicate, iterable):
    # dropwhile(lambda x: x<5, [1,4,6,4,1]) --> 6 4 1
    iterable = iter(iterable)
    for x in iterable:
        if not predicate(x):
            yield x
            break
    for x in iterable:
        yield x

itertools.groupby(iterable[, key])

class groupby:
    # [k for k, g in groupby('AAAABBBCCDAABBB')] --> A B C D A B
    # [list(g) for k, g in groupby('AAAABBBCCD')] --> AAAA BBB CC D
    def __init__(self, iterable, key=None):
        if key is None:
            key = lambda x: x
        self.keyfunc = key
        self.it = iter(iterable)
        self.tgtkey = self.currkey = self.currvalue = object()
    def __iter__(self):
        return self
    def __next__(self):
        self.id = object()
        while self.currkey == self.tgtkey:
            self.currvalue = next(self.it)    # Exit on StopIteration
            self.currkey = self.keyfunc(self.currvalue)
        self.tgtkey = self.currkey
        return (self.currkey, self._grouper(self.tgtkey, self.id))
    def _grouper(self, tgtkey, id):
        while self.id is id and self.currkey == tgtkey:
            yield self.currvalue
            try:
                self.currvalue = next(self.it)
            except StopIteration:
                return
            self.currkey = self.keyfunc(self.currvalue)

组合迭代器： Combinatoric iterators