The Ultimate FM Transmitter (Long Range Spybug)
by ASCAS
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The Ultimate FM Transmitter (Long Range Spybug)

终极短波发射机（长距离窃听器）

Have you ever wanted to broadcast your own radio station within your neighborhood? Ever get curious on where people get those" Surveillance Bugs" from spy and action movies? This small and simple FM transmitter is the toy that geeks have always wanted.
可曾想过在邻里之间广播放送自己的无线电台？可曾好奇过谍战动作片当中人们哪里得到这些“窃听器”的？这个又小又简单的短波发射器是极客们一直渴求的玩具。

FM transmitters can be complicated to build, that's why I'm teaching you how to make a foolproof FM transmitter. There's no need to buy kits, this tutorial includes the PCB layout and the schematics. It has a range of up to 1/4 mile or more. It's great for room monitoring, baby listening and nature research.：
短波发射器造起来可以很复杂，这就是为啥我要教你如何做个肯定能工作的机器出来。无需购买套件，这个教程包括了PCB板和电路图设计。它工作范围能达到1/4英里，甚至更远，对于监控房间、监听婴儿和自然研究很有用。

My Experience:
我的经验：

FM transmitters remind me of my early years in electronics. When I was 8, I came across Art Swan's FM transmitter circuit. At the time I had no idea of where I'm supposed to buy the parts, so I recycled mine out of junk. I guess the biggest struggle that you're going to face is finding a trimmer capacitor. I'll give some tips on the last step of this instructable. In a nutshell, I highly recommend this project for everyone and also those who are still new in electronics.
短波发射机让我想起早年涉猎的电子元件经历。当我八岁时，我遇见了Art Swan的短波发射机电路。当时我不知道哪里能买到零件，所以我从垃圾堆当中回收回来。我想最大的难题是找到个可调电容，在这篇教程的最后我会给出提示。一言蔽之，我高度建议这个作品人人皆宜，也同样对电子新手。

WARNING: You may experience nostalgia! :D<<<<<<<
警告：你将感受到深深的怀旧感！:D<<<<<<<

Technical Specifications:
技术规格：

• 1/4 Mile Radius Range
• 半径1/4英里范围
  -Powered By A 9V Battery
• 由一枚9伏电池驱动
• Lasts For Several Days
• 使用时间数日
• Adjustable 87-108MHz
• 在87-108兆赫频段可调
  Please Watch: Celebrating the 1st episode of my new YouTube channel! It's my first time to document a project with videography. I hope you guys enjoy the vid! Please leave a comment below, I would appreciate some advise regarding the video.

Disclaimer: This project is for educational purposes only and is not intended to air/ interfere with present radio channels. Neither site nor I, am liable for careless actions. Please check for the legality before attempting the project within your area. As long as
声明：这个作品只能用于教学用途，不能用于在现有无线电频道进行广播或干扰。网站及我本身对不当操作不付责任。在尝试制作时请查阅你所处地区内的法律，如以下电子书所示：

F50G2WDHXHRFQGV.pdfBook Download.pdf

Step 1: Gather The Parts

第一步：收集零件

All of these are available on any branch of RadioShack! :)
所有这些在任何电子市场都能找到！

MISC:
杂项：
- Copper Clad PCB/ Perfboard
- 覆铜PCB/试验电路板
- Solid Gauge # 18 Wire
- 18号硬导线
- Electret Microphone
- 驻极体麦克风
- ¼" Bolt
- 1/4寸螺栓

Transistors:
三极管：
- 2N3904 General NPN Transistor (2x)
- 2N3904通用NPN三极管（2个）

Capacitors:
电容：
- 15pF or 40pF Trimmer Capacitor
- 15皮法或40皮法可调电容
- 100nF Ceramic Capacitor (2x)
- 100纳法瓷片电容（2个）
- 10nF Ceramic Capacitor
- 10纳法瓷片电容
- 4pF Ceramic Capacitor
- 4皮法瓷片电容

Resistors:
电阻：
- 1M Ohm ¼w Resistor
- 1兆欧1/4瓦电阻
- 100K Ohm ¼w Resistor
- 100千欧1/4瓦电阻
- 10K Ohm ¼w Resistor (3x)
- 10千欧1/4瓦电阻（3个）
- 1K Ohm ¼w Resistor
- 1千欧1/4瓦电阻
- 100 Ohm ¼w Resistor
- 100欧1/4瓦电阻

Tools:
工具：
- A Pair Of Pliers
- 一把钳子
- Soldering Iron
- 电烙铁
- Hot Glue Gun
- 热熔胶枪

Step 2: PCB & Schematics

第二步：PCB板和电路图

I designed a compact PCB layout for Art Swan's miniature FM transmitter circuit using Fritzing. Use this step as your reference for the assembly.
我用Fritzing设计了个紧凑型PCB板，作为Art Swan的短波发射机微缩复制品电路，你可以此作为组装参考。

About The Circuit: These is the exact description of Art Swan, the circuit's Author, "This miniature transmitter is easy to construct and can be picked up on any standard FM receiver. It has a range of up to 1/4 mile or more. It's great for room monitoring, baby listening and nature research"
关于电路：摘自Art Swan的实际描述，电路的作者这么提到：“这个小型发射机易于制造，任何基本短波收音机都能收到信号。工作范围达到1/4英里，甚至更远，对于监控房间、监听婴儿和自然研究很有用。”

Download Link: https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BwP5mrDBOvNYaHFnME...
电路下载链接：https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BwP5mrDBOvNYaHFnME5iaFpqME0/edit

PCB_Layout.pdf PCB_Layout.pdf
PCB板布局图FHYLQ6PHXHREEWJ.pdf未知大小

Step 3: Print The PCB Layout

第三步：打印PCB板布局图

Download the PDF file then print it with your printer's standard setting then cut the printed layout. Be careful when cutting, the tip of my thumb got sliced by the sharp cutter blade.
下载PDF文件，然后用打印机标准打印出来，剪下布局图。在裁剪当中小心点，我的拇指尖被裁纸刀

Download Link: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwP5mrDBOvNYaHFn...
下载链接：https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwP5mrDBOvNYaHFnME5iaFpqME0/edit?usp=sharing

PCB_Layout.pdf PCB_Layout.pdf
PCB板布局图.pdf FHYLQ6PHXHREEWJ.pdf未知大小

Step 4: Develop The PCB

第四步：开发PCB板

I'm using something what's called presensitized PCB fabrication, it's different from the toner transfer method. If you're not familiar with presensitized PCBs, better go with the toner transfer method.
我用一种称为预显影PCB制造技术，有别于墨粉转移技术的方法。如果你对预显影PCB技术不熟悉，最好用回墨粉转移技术。

Presensitized PCBs: I expose mine directly to a 10W fluorescent lamp for 5:20 minutes then use a dilute solution of Sodium Hydroxide to develop the exposed PCB.
预显影PCB板：我将板子放在一盏10瓦的卤素灯下5分20秒，然后用稀释的氢氧化钠溶液处理曝光后的PCB板。

Here's a separate tutorial for the PCB fabrication:
以下是另一种PCB制造方法教程：
http://www.instructables.com/id/Making-A-Customized-Circuit-Board-Made-Easy/

Step 5: Etch The PCB

第五步：蚀刻PCB板

Pour Ferric Chloride on a plastic tray then start to etch the PCB.
将氯化铁溶液倒入个塑料盘，开始蚀刻PCB板。

Step 6: Clean The PCB

第六步：清洁PCB板

Use a swab and Acetone to remove the photo-positive layer/ toner.
用棉签和丙酮去除显影层/墨粉。

Step 7: Solder The Components

第七步：焊接元件

Use step #2 as your reference. Solder the smaller parts first. Start with the resistors, the capacitors, the transistors, the coil, the antenna then the 9V cattery clip.
以第二步为参考，先焊接小零件。从电阻开始，然后电容、线圈、天线然后9V电池盖。

Step 8: Construct The Coil

第八步：制作线圈

Strip a solid gauge #18 wire. Use a 1/4" bolt then turn the wire 7-8 times.
剥开18号硬导线。用一个1/4寸螺栓作为工具，把导线在上面缠7-8圈。

Step 9: Adding The Antenna

第九步：增加天线

Solder a hook-up wire to the antenna pin, it's located on the 2nd transistor's collector pin. Use a maximum of 8 inches an a minimum of 5 inches.
将转接导线焊接到天线端口，位于第二个三极管的集电极。最长为8英寸长，最短5英寸。

Step 10: Recycle A Battery Clip

第十步：回收电池夹

![]http://cdn.instructables.com/FSR/6B5M/HXHRF49W/FSR6B5MHXHRF49W.LARGE.jpg)

The key to this compact transmitter is the ingenious battery clip.You can get one by dismantling an scrap 9v battery.
这个紧凑发射机的关键是独有的电池夹sheji设计，可以通过拆借报废9伏电池获得。

Step 11: Glue Them Together

第十一步：粘在一起

Apply a generous blob of hot glue to hold the clip and the transmitter circuit together.
用一大坨热熔胶把电池夹和 发射机电路粘在一起。

Step 12: Breadboard Version

第十二步：面包板版本

Recently, people have been asking me if it's possible to make this project without having to fabricate a PCB. The answer is yes. In fact I built my first FM transmitter on a perfboard. I guess some are new to this, no worries I'm here to teach you.
最近，人们问我能否不用制造PCB板而做这个作品，是可以的。其实我第一个短波发射机是用实验电路做的。我想有些人对此还比较陌生，别担心我在这里会教你。

The answer to this is a "Perfboard/ Prototype board. It's a PCB designed for prototyping circuits. There are three types of perfboards, the one that suits our needs is the dot matrix version. If you're new to this, make magazine has handy YouTube tutorial.
这方面的解法是一块实验开发板，用于原型电路开发的PCB板。有三种实验板，符合我们需求的那种是点阵nazhong是点阵那种的。如果你对此不熟，Make杂志有方便的YouTube教程可供参考。

Step 13: Tune The Transmitter

第十三步：调频发射机

Turn on your radio then tune it to your desired channel frequency. You'll get more range from the vacant channels. Don't touch the coil, just turn the trimmer capacitor until you hear a feedback from the radio.
打开收音机，调到预想的频率。在空闲的频道上，你能获得更多的工作范围。别碰线圈，只要调节可调电容，直到你从收音机上听到回馈。

Step 14: Q&A - Tips & Tricks

第十四步：问答-提示与技巧

Where Can I Buy The Parts?
我在哪儿可以买到零件？
If you live in the US, all the parts that I've used are available from Radioshack. You don't believe me? The parts from my first non-recycled transmitter came from RadioShack, Long Island, NY branch.
如果你住在美国，我所用到的零件能从电子市场能从电子市场得到。不信？ 我的第一个非回收的发报机零件就是从纽约长岛的电器铺里得到的。
Any Alternatives For The Trimmer Capacitor?
还有没有可调电容的替代品？
Most likely, you'll find one from a scrap transistor radios however you can replace it with a 20pF ceramic capacitor then rely on the coil's adjustment for compensation. Trimmer caps are color coded, only use the Red, Green or Yellow. I used the yellow since it covers a wider range.
通常你能从废旧晶体管收音机里得到。不过，你也可以用一枚2皮法瓷片电容代替，靠调节线圈获得补偿。可调电容盖子有色标，只用红色、绿色或黄色的。我用了黄色的，因为它能覆盖大范围。
Which Wire Should I Use?
我该用哪种导线？
Only use solid wires that has a thickness of 18 - 22 gauge. When I was still a novice hobbyist, I was worried about the strict selection of parts. Don't worry too much, eventually you'll learn to improvise when parts are not available.
只用18号到22号粗细的硬导线。当我还是个菜鸟爱好者时，我常常为严格选材问题发愁。别太担心，最终你会学到零件不足的时候如何改装东西的。
Why Does The Frequency Change After Tuning?
为何在转动之后的频率改变了？
Let's admit it, tuning the radio is a bloody challenge! If you use a metal screw driver to tune the trimmer cap, chances are you'll end up having a different frequency broadcast the moment you lift the screw driver. This is why non conductive screw drivers are recommended.
不得不承认，调收音机真乃苦逼活！如果你用金属螺丝刀转可调电容盖，有可能在你提起螺丝刀时候得到不同的广播频率。这就是为啥建议用绝缘螺丝刀的原因。
Where Can I Find A Non-Conductive Screwdriver?
那里能找到绝缘螺丝刀？
You'll easily find one from a PC repair shop, or maybe form a hardware store. If you really can't find one, the famous Little Bits kit comes with it.
在维修电脑铺中很容易找到一把，或者从五金店也可以。实在找不到，著名的Little Bits套件里就有一把。
Is It Possible To Connect A 3.5mm Audio Jack?
能否连上3.5毫米音频插口？
Yes, it's possible! All you need to do is to link the common ground then solder a 1K ohm resistor each channel (L & R) forming a junction. Now solder a wire from the junction to U1's collector pin (refer to the schematic). You can now connect your MP3 player! I'll post an additional step regarding this mod.
当然可能！你要做的是把它连接到共地线，然后将每个声道（左右声道）焊接个1千欧电阻，构成一个节点。现在把一根导线从节点连到U1的集电极就行了（参考电路图）。现在你可以连上MP3播放器了！
Can I Hook This On A 12v Car Battery?
我能不能把它和汽车12伏电池连在一起？
This project would still operate at voltages between 7v-14v, so yeah it's compatible. If you want to stay safe and prevent the circuit from burning, solder a 10 ohm resistor in series with the FM transmitter and 12v battery.
这个制作在7伏-14伏之间的电压工作，所以肯定是兼容的。如果你想保证安全，防止电路烧坏，在短波发射机和12伏电池之间串联焊接个10欧姆电阻吧。
Is This Legal?
这合法不？
As long as you don't use it to spy on others and not use a long & huge antenna then yes, it's legal. Just don't use it near an airport. For more info, pleas read the FCC Rules.
只要你不用于窃探他人，并不用长的、巨型的天线，那它就是合法的。只要别在机场附近用就行。更多资料，请参考通信委员会法规。