sharding-JDBC 实现读写分离

中间件

需求

1. 一主两从，做读写分离。
2. 多个从库之间实现负载均衡。
3. 可手动强制部分读请求到主库上。(因为主从同步有延迟，对实时性要求高的系统，可以将部分读请求也走主库)

本次不讨论 MySQL如何配置主从同步相关问题

库表SQL

-- 主库
CREATE DATABASE `master`;
CREATE TABLE `t_order` (
  `order_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `user_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `business_id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`order_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
INSERT INTO `t_order` VALUES (1,1,112);
-- 从库1
CREATE DATABASE `slave1` ; 
CREATE TABLE `t_order` (
  `order_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `user_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `business_id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`order_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ;
INSERT INTO `t_order` VALUES (2,2,112);
-- 从库2
CREATE DATABASE `slave2` ; 
CREATE TABLE `t_order` (
  `order_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `user_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `business_id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`order_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
INSERT INTO `t_order` VALUES (3,3,112)；

pom.xml

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.shardingjdbc/sharding-jdbc-core -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.shardingjdbc</groupId>
    <artifactId>sharding-jdbc-core</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.0.M2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.shardingjdbc</groupId>
    <artifactId>sharding-jdbc-spring-namespace</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.0.M2</version>
</dependency>

spring配置文件

<bean id="master" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" init-method="init"
      destroy-method="close">
    <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
    <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url.master}"></property>
    <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username.master}"></property>
    <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password.master}"></property>
    <property name="maxActive" value="100"/>
    <property name="initialSize" value="10"/>
    <property name="maxWait" value="60000"/>
    <property name="minIdle" value="5"/>
</bean>
<bean id="slave1" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" init-method="init"
      destroy-method="close">
    <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
    <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url.slave1}"></property>
    <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username.slave1}"></property>
    <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password.slave1}"></property>
    <property name="maxActive" value="100"/>
    <property name="initialSize" value="10"/>
    <property name="maxWait" value="60000"/>
    <property name="minIdle" value="5"/>
</bean>
<bean id="slave2" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" init-method="init"
      destroy-method="close">
    <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
    <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url.slave2}"></property>
    <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username.slave2}"></property>
    <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password.slave2}"></property>
    <property name="maxActive" value="100"/>
    <property name="initialSize" value="10"/>
    <property name="maxWait" value="60000"/>
    <property name="minIdle" value="5"/>
</bean>
<bean id="randomStrategy" class="io.shardingjdbc.core.api.algorithm.masterslave.RandomMasterSlaveLoadBalanceAlgorithm" />
<master-slave:data-source id="shardingDataSource" master-data-source-name="master" slave-data-source-names="slave1,slave2" strategy-ref="randomStrategy" />

单测

写:

    @Test
    public void insert() throws Exception {
        Order record = new Order();
        record.setBusinessId(112);
        record.setUserId(111);
        record.setOrderId(12212121);
        int result = orderMapper.insertSelective(record) ;
        System.out.println( result > 0 ? "插入成功" : "插入失败");
    }

运行结果:

查:
slave1 只有1条数据，主键order_id = 2 ； slave2 也只有1条数据，主键order_id = 3 。所以，如果查询到的结果orderId等于1就说明读请求进入到slave1，同理，如果查询出来的orderId等于0 就说明读请求进入到slave2。

 public void selectByExample3() throws Exception {
        final int[] slave1 = {0};
        final int[] slave2 = {0};
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            ((Runnable) () -> {
                OrderExample example = new OrderExample();
                example.createCriteria().andBusinessIdEqualTo(112);
                List<Order> orderList = orderMapper.selectByExample(example);
                if (orderList.get(0).getOrderId() == 2) {
                    System.out.printf("读到slave1  读到的数据是{}", JSONObject.toJSONString(orderList.get(0)));
                    slave1[0]++;
                } else if (orderList.get(0).getOrderId() == 3) {
                    System.out.printf("读到slave2  读到的数据是{}",                             JSONObject.toJSONString(orderList.get(0)));
                    slave2[0]++;
                }
                System.out.println(JSONObject.toJSONString(orderList));
            }).run();
        }
        System.out.println("+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++");
        System.out.println("+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++");
        System.out.println("slave1读到的次数-->" + slave1[0]);
        System.out.println("slave2读到的次数-->" + slave2[0]);
        System.out.println("+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++");
        System.out.println("+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++");
    }

运行截图：

强制路由

通常做读写分离，都会遇到的一个问题就是主从同步延迟。有时，为了简单解决主从同步问题，我们会想强制部分读请求到主库上，而非从库上。

HintManager 分片键值管理器

官方文档的解释:
基于暗示(Hint)的分片键值管理器

但是对于读写分离这种形式的强制路由 , 其实官方文档说的几个方法都不适用. 我们可使用hintManager.setMasterRouteOnly() .

单测

@Test
public void HintManagerTest() {
    HintManager hintManager = HintManager.getInstance() ;
    hintManager.setMasterRouteOnly();
    OrderExample example = new OrderExample();
    example.createCriteria().andBusinessIdEqualTo(112);
    List<Order> orderList = orderMapper.selectByExample(example);
    System.out.println(JSONObject.toJSONString(orderList));
    hintManager.close();
}