CountDownLatch学习

Java多线程

参考原文
1. 什么时候使用CountDownLatch

CountDownLatch是什么

CountDownLatch是一个同步工具类，它允许一个或多个线程一直等待，直到其他线程的操作执行完后再执行，其内部采用了共享锁和公平锁实现的。
单词Latch的中文翻译是门闩，也就是有“门锁”的功能，所以当门没有打开时，N个人是不能进入屋内的，也就是N个线程是不能继续往下运行的，支持这样的特性可以控制线程执行任务的时机

CountDownLatch是通过一个计数器来实现的，计数器的初始化值为线程的数量。每当一个线程完成了自己的任务后，计数器的值会减1。当计数器值到达0时，它表示所有的线程已经完成了任务，然后在闭锁上等待的线程就可以恢复执行任务了。

CountDownLatch 常用API

构造方法：

public CountDown(int count){} 
//count初始化计数值，一旦count初始化完成后，就不可重新初始化或者修改CountDownLatch对象的内部计数器的值。 

常用方法:

public void await() {}; //使当前线程挂起，直到计数值为0时，才继续往下执行。
public boolean await(long timeout , TimeUnit timeUnit) throws InterruptExcetion {};
public void  countDown() {} //将count值减1

应用场景

CountDownLatch的一个非常典型的应用场景就是：有一个任务想要往下执行，但必须等到其他多个任务执行(如果是单个任务 顺序执行就好了)完毕后才进行继续往下执行。此时，我们可以在这个等待其他任务的线程里调用一个CountDownLatch对象的await()方法，其他的任务执行完自己的任务后调用同一个CountDownLatch对象上的countDown()方法，这个调用await()方法的任务将一直阻塞等待，直到这个CountDownLatch对象的计数值减到0为止。

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
/**
 * 模拟程序启动时 相关环境检查
 */
public class CountDownLatchTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Boolean result = ApplicationStartupUtil.checkExtenalServoce();
            if(result) {
                System.out.println("健康检查全部健康");
            } else {
                throw new RuntimeException("程序依赖环境不健康");
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
abstract class BaseHealthChecker implements Runnable {
    private CountDownLatch countDownLatch ;
    protected boolean isHealth ;
    private String serviceName ;
    public BaseHealthChecker(String serviceName , CountDownLatch countDownLatch) {
        this.countDownLatch = countDownLatch;
        this.serviceName = serviceName ;
        isHealth = false ;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            this.verifyService();
            isHealth = true ;
        }catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            isHealth = false ;
        } finally {
            if(countDownLatch != null) {
                countDownLatch.countDown();
            }
        }
    }
    abstract void verifyService() ;
    public boolean isHealth() {
        return isHealth;
    }
    public String getServiceName() {
        return serviceName;
    }
}
class NetWorkHealthChecker extends BaseHealthChecker {
    public NetWorkHealthChecker( CountDownLatch countDownLatch) {
        super( "NetWorkHealthChecker" , countDownLatch ) ;
    }
    @Override
    void verifyService() {
        System.out.println("starting Checking " + this.getServiceName());
        try {
            Thread.sleep(2000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println( this.getServiceName() + " is Health");
        isHealth = true ;
    }
}
class DatabaseHealthChecker extends BaseHealthChecker {
    public DatabaseHealthChecker( CountDownLatch countDownLatch) {
        super( "DatabaseHealthChecker" , countDownLatch ) ;
    }
    @Override
    void verifyService() {
        System.out.println("starting Checking " + this.getServiceName());
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println( this.getServiceName() + " is Health");
        isHealth = true ;
    }
}
class ApplicationStartupUtil {
    private static List<BaseHealthChecker> healthCheckerList ;
    private static CountDownLatch countDownLatch ;
    private ApplicationStartupUtil() {
    }
    public static boolean checkExtenalServoce() throws Exception {
        countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(2) ;
        healthCheckerList = Arrays.asList(new DatabaseHealthChecker(countDownLatch) , new NetWorkHealthChecker(countDownLatch)) ;
        Executor executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(healthCheckerList.size()) ;
        healthCheckerList.forEach((num)-> executor.execute(num));
        countDownLatch.await() ;
        System.out.println(countDownLatch.getCount());
        //等待健康检查完毕
        healthCheckerList.forEach((num) -> {
            System.out.println(num.isHealth);
            if(!num.isHealth()) {
                throw new RuntimeException(num.getServiceName() + "健康检查失败");
            }
        });
        return true ;
    }
}