CFA Notes - Economics - III

Note

III.

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IV. Trade Restrictions

（1）Tariffs

Tariffs are taxes that a government levies on imported goods.

（2）Quotas

Quote restrict the quantity of a good that can be imported into a country, generally for a specified period of time.

（3）Export Subsidies

An export subsidy is paid by the government to the firm when it exports a unit of good that is being subsidized.

（4）Voluntary Export Restraint

A trade barrier under which the exporting country agrees to limit its exports of the good to its trading partners to a specific number of units.
A voluntary export restraint is similar to a quota but is imposed by the exporting country.

V. World Organization

（1）IMF - International Monetary Fund

The International Monetary Fund（IMF） is an organization of $189$ countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world.

（2）World Bank Group

THe World Bank Group is the one of the world's largest sources of funding and knowledge for developing countries, its five institutions share a commitment to reducing poverty, increasing shared prosperity, and promoting sustainable development.

（3）WTO - World Trade Organization

The World Trade Organization（WTO）is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. At its heart are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world's trading nations and ratified in their parliaments. The goal is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible.