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2020-06-07T18:31:25.000000Z
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Note
An interest rate is a rate of return that reflects the relationship between differently dated cash flows.
Principal is the amount of funds originally invested.
Simple interest is calculated only on the principal amount, it can be applied over a time period other than a year, e.g., every month.
Compound interest includes interest earned on the interest which was preivously accumulated.
The compounding frequency is the number of times per year. The frequency could be annually, semi-anually, quarterly, monthly, weekly, daily, or continuously.
The period interest rate is the stated annual interest rate divided by , where is the number of compounding periods in one year.
Rather than quote the periodic interest rate, financial institutions often quote an annual interest rate that we refer to as the stated annual interest rate or quoted interest rate.
Measurement scale is a classification that describes the nature of information within the values assigned to variables.
The normal type differentiates between items or subjects based only on their names or categories and other qualitative classifiacations they belong to.
The ordinal type allows for ranking order（1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.）, but still does not allow for relative degree of difference between them.
The interval types allows for the degree of difference between items, but not the ratio between them.
The ratio type takes its name from the fact that measurement is the estimation of the ratio between a magnitude of quantity. A ratio scale possesses a meaningful zero value.
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A measure of central tendency specifies where the data are centered.
Dispersion is the variability around the central tendency. If mean return addresses reward, dispersion addressess risk.
Quantiles such as the median, quartiles, quintiles, deciles, and percentiles are location parameters that divide a distribution into halves, quarters, fifths, tenths, and hundredths, respectively.
The range is the difference between the maximum and minimum values in a data set.
Variance is defined as the average of the squared deviations around the mean.
Standard deviation is the positive square root of the variance.
A selection taken from a larger group（the "population"） so that you can examine it to find out something about the larger group.
A subset of a larger population created in such a way that each element of the population has an equal probability of being selected to the subset.
In statistics, estimation refers to the process by which one makes inference about a popluation, based on information obtained from a sample.
The process of finding an approximate value of some parameter - such as the mean（average） - of a population from random samples of the population.