@JunQiu
2018-09-28T00:06:37.000000Z
字数 9302
阅读 1444
mysql
explain select 语句
CREATE TABLE `user_info` (
`id` BIGINT(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`age` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `name_index` (`name`)
);
INSERT INTO user_info (name, age) VALUES ('xys', 20);
INSERT INTO user_info (name, age) VALUES ('a', 21);
INSERT INTO user_info (name, age) VALUES ('b', 23);
INSERT INTO user_info (name, age) VALUES ('c', 50);
INSERT INTO user_info (name, age) VALUES ('d', 15);
INSERT INTO user_info (name, age) VALUES ('e', 20);
INSERT INTO user_info (name, age) VALUES ('f', 21);
INSERT INTO user_info (name, age) VALUES ('g', 23);
INSERT INTO user_info (name, age) VALUES ('h', 50);
INSERT INTO user_info (name, age) VALUES ('i', 15);
CREATE TABLE `order_info` (
`id` BIGINT(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`user_id` BIGINT(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`product_name` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`productor` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `user_product_detail_index` (`user_id`, `product_name`, `productor`)
);
INSERT INTO order_info (user_id, product_name, productor) VALUES (1, 'p1', 'WHH');
INSERT INTO order_info (user_id, product_name, productor) VALUES (1, 'p2', 'WL');
INSERT INTO order_info (user_id, product_name, productor) VALUES (1, 'p1', 'DX');
INSERT INTO order_info (user_id, product_name, productor) VALUES (2, 'p1', 'WHH');
INSERT INTO order_info (user_id, product_name, productor) VALUES (2, 'p5', 'WL');
INSERT INTO order_info (user_id, product_name, productor) VALUES (3, 'p3', 'MA');
INSERT INTO order_info (user_id, product_name, productor) VALUES (4, 'p1', 'WHH');
INSERT INTO order_info (user_id, product_name, productor) VALUES (6, 'p1', 'WHH');
INSERT INTO order_info (user_id, product_name, productor) VALUES (9, 'p8', 'TE');
CREATE TABLE `order_info1` (
`id` BIGINT(20) NOT NULL ,
`user_id` BIGINT(20) DEFAULT NULL,
);
mysql> explain select * from order_info\G //\G制表,使格式更加美观
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: order_info
type: index
possible_keys: NULL
key: user_product_detail_index
key_len: 254
ref: NULL
rows: 9
Extra: Using index
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
## 先大概这些字段的含义:
1、id:查询的标志,每个查询会自动分配一个id,比如使用union合并两个查询结果时没有id,为NULL。
2、select_type:当前查询的类型,比如Simple SELECT (not using UNION or subqueries)。
3、table:当前查询所对应的表,比如union对应两个表。
4、type:可能是数据中最重要的字段,展示查询/连接是如何进行的,走索引/或者全表查询等等。
5、possible_keys:当前查询可能会选择的索引,即可以使用该索引找到我们需要的行。
6、key:当前查询实际用到的索引。
7、key_len:所选择索引使用的长度。
8、ref:jion查询的时候会用到,查询结果同哪个值比较。
9、rows:当前查询必须要检测的行数。
10、extra:一些额外的信息。
11、filtered:被过滤条件过滤掉的数据的百分比。(但是根据文档上的意思应该是:过滤掉的数据为1-filtered)
12、partitions:匹配的分区。
mysql> explain (SELECT * FROM user_info WHERE id IN (1, 2, 3)) UNION (SELECT * FROM user_info WHERE id IN (3, 4, 5))\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: PRIMARY
table: user_info
type: range
possible_keys: PRIMARY
key: PRIMARY
key_len: 8
ref: NULL
rows: 3
Extra: Using where
*************************** 2. row ***************************
id: 2
select_type: UNION
table: user_info
type: range
possible_keys: PRIMARY
key: PRIMARY
key_len: 8
ref: NULL
rows: 3
Extra: Using where
*************************** 3. row ***************************
id: NULL
select_type: UNION RESULT
table: <union1,2>
type: ALL
possible_keys: NULL
key: NULL
key_len: NULL
ref: NULL
rows: NULL
Extra: Using temporary
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
// 以上面的例子的为例:
id=1的查询最先开始,所以是PRIMARY
id=2的查询是ubion中的第二个slect:所以是UNION
union操作没有id为null,但是select_type是UNION
// 比如写一个SUBQUERY
???
# system : 当表中只有一条数据时,且是系统表时;如果不只一条数据时,分析与普通表相同。
mysql> explain select * from time_zone\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: time_zone
type: system
possible_keys: NULL
key: NULL
key_len: NULL
ref: NULL
rows: 1
Extra: NULL
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
# const : 当使用 PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE index 去查询数据,因为他们是唯一的只用读取一次。
mysql> explain select * from order_info where id=10 \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: order_info
type: const
possible_keys: PRIMARY
key: PRIMARY
key_len: 8
ref: const
rows: 1
Extra: NULL
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
# eq_ref : 在多表join查询中,表示对于前表的每一个结果,都只能匹配到当前表的一行结果.(且通过PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE NOT NULL index去查找) 并且查询的比较操作通常是 =, 查询效率较高。
// exapmle:user_info.id(PRIMARY KEY)
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM user_info, order_info WHERE user_info.id = order_info.id\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: user_info
type: ALL
possible_keys: PRIMARY
key: NULL
key_len: NULL
ref: NULL
rows: 10
Extra: NULL
*************************** 2. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: order_info
type: eq_ref
possible_keys: PRIMARY
key: PRIMARY
key_len: 8
ref: test.user_info.id
rows: 1
Extra: NULL
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Tips1:如果操作是>,此时type为all,因为并不能走索引。
Tips2:有点意外的是,好像没有mysql并没有像我们想象的那样去连接,有机会了解一下。
# ref : ref is used if the join uses only a leftmost prefix of the key or if the key is not a PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE index .in other words, if the join cannot select a single row based on the key value.
// user_id is leftmost prefix
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM user_info, order_info WHERE user_info.id = order_info.user_id\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: user_info
type: ALL
possible_keys: PRIMARY
key: NULL
key_len: NULL
ref: NULL
rows: 10
Extra: NULL
*************************** 2. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: order_info
type: ref
possible_keys: user_product_detail_index
key: user_product_detail_index
key_len: 9
ref: test.user_info.id
rows: 1
Extra: Using index
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
## fulltext:连接时使用FULLTEXT index
## ref_or_null:This join type is like ref, but with the addition that MySQL does an extra search for rows that contain NULL values. (相比ref,多了null搜索)
// 和常数连接,但order_info.user_id是leftmost prefix = ref,同时搜索null = ref_or_null
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM order_info WHERE order_info.user_id=2 OR order_info.user_id is null\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: order_info
type: ref_or_null
possible_keys: user_product_detail_index
key: user_product_detail_index
key_len: 9
ref: const
rows: 3
Extra: Using where; Using index
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
## index_merge:This join type indicates that the Index Merge optimization is used.
index_merge 可以看mysql optimize index_merge这篇日志
或者官方:https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/index-merge-optimization.html
## unique_subquery:This type replaces eq_ref for some IN subqueries of the following form:
// value IN (SELECT primary_key FROM single_table WHERE some_expr)
## index_subquery:This join type is similar to unique_subquery. It replaces IN subqueries, but it works for nonunique indexes in subqueries of the following form:
value IN (SELECT key_column FROM single_table WHERE some_expr)
## range:Only rows that are in a given range are retrieved, using an index to select the rows.(使用索引进行范围查找)
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM order_info WHERE id between 10 and 20\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: order_info
type: range
possible_keys: PRIMARY
key: PRIMARY
key_len: 8
ref: NULL
rows: 10
Extra: Using where
1 row in set (0.02 sec)
## index:The index join type is the same as ALL, except that the index tree is scanned. 包含两种情况:
1、如果索引数据满足要求,仅扫描索引即可,the Extra column says Using index.
2、通过索引扫描全表。Uses index does not appear in the Extra column.
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT id FROM order_info\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: order_info
type: index
possible_keys: NULL
key: user_product_detail_index
key_len: 254
ref: NULL
rows: 10
Extra: Using index
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
## all:全表扫描
## 查看mysql优化后的SQL:
mysql> EXPLAIN extended SELECT * FROM user_info, order_info1 WHERE user_info.id = order_info1.id\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: order_info1
type: ALL
possible_keys: NULL
key: NULL
key_len: NULL
ref: NULL
rows: 1
filtered: 100.00
Extra: NULL
*************************** 2. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: user_info
type: eq_ref
possible_keys: PRIMARY
key: PRIMARY
key_len: 8
ref: test.order_info1.id
rows: 1
filtered: 100.00
Extra: NULL
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> show warnings\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Level: Note
Code: 1003
Message: /* select#1 */ select `test`.`user_info`.`id` AS `id`,`test`.`user_info`.`name` AS `name`,`test`.`user_info`.`age` AS `age`,`test`.`order_info1`.`id` AS `id`,`test`.`order_info1`.`user_id` AS `user_id` from `test`.`user_info` join `test`.`order_info1` where (`test`.`user_info`.`id` = `test`.`order_info1`.`id`)
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
## 一个奇怪的现象:其实就是extra的信息
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM order_info WHERE id =30\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: NULL
type: NULL
possible_keys: NULL
key: NULL
key_len: NULL
ref: NULL
rows: NULL
Extra: Impossible WHERE noticed after reading const tables
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
实际上是:MySQL has read all const (and system) tables and notice that the WHERE clause is always false.