TCP连接的状态

TCP/IP

TCP通信过程

• LISTEN:首先服务端需要打开一个socket进行监听，状态为LISTEN. /* The socket is listening for incoming connections. 侦听来自远方TCP端口的连接请求 */
• SYN_SENT:客户端通过应用程序调用connect进行active open.于是客户端tcp发送一个SYN以请求建立一个连接.之后状态置为SYN_SENT. /*The socket is actively attempting to establish a connection. 在发送连接请求后等待匹配的连接请求 */
• SYN_RECV:服务端应发出ACK确认客户端的SYN,同时自己向客户端发送一个SYN.之后状态置为SYN_RECV /* A connection request has been received from the network. 在收到和发送一个连接请求后等待对连接请求的确认 */
• ESTABLISHED: 代表一个打开的连接，双方可以进行或已经在数据交互了。/* The socket has an established connection. 代表一个打开的连接，数据可以传送给用户 */
• FIN_WAIT1:主动关闭(active close)端应用程序调用close，于是其TCP发出FIN请求主动关闭连接，之后进入FIN_WAIT1状态./* The socket is closed, and the connection is shutting down. 等待远程TCP的连接中断请求，或先前的连接中断请求的确认 */
• CLOSE_WAIT:被动关闭(passive close)端TCP接到FIN后，就发出ACK以回应FIN请求(它的接收也作为文件结束符传递给上层应用程序),并进入CLOSE_WAIT. /* The remote end has shut down, waiting for the socket to close. 等待从本地用户发来的连接中断请求 */
• FIN_WAIT2:主动关闭端接到ACK后，就进入了FIN-WAIT-2 ./* Connection is closed, and the socket is waiting for a shutdown from the remote end. 从远程TCP等待连接中断请求 */
• LAST_ACK:被动关闭端一段时间后，接收到文件结束符的应用程序将调用CLOSE关闭连接。这导致它的TCP也发送一个 FIN,等待对方的ACK.就进入了LAST-ACK . /* The remote end has shut down, and the socket is closed. Waiting for acknowledgement. 等待原来发向远程TCP的连接中断请求的确认 */
• TIME_WAIT:在主动关闭端接收到FIN后，TCP就发送ACK包，并进入TIME-WAIT状态。/* The socket is waiting after close to handle packets still in the network.等待足够的时间以确保远程TCP接收到连接中断请求的确认 */
• CLOSING: 比较少见./* Both sockets are shut down but we still don't have all our data sent. 等待远程TCP对连接中断的确认 */
• CLOSED: 被动关闭端在接受到ACK包后，就进入了closed的状态。连接结束./* The socket is not being used. 没有任何连接状态 */

参考资料:
TCP连接的状态
跟着动画来学习TCP三次握手和四次挥手