@nextleaf
2018-08-23T20:15:37.000000Z
字数 19207
阅读 1190
Java
序列化
多线程
一个对象可以被表示为一个字节序列,该字节序列包括该对象的数据、有关对象的类型的信息和存储在对象中数据的类型。
两种用途:
serialVersionUID适用于Java的序列化机制。
简单来说,Java的序列化机制是通过判断类的serialVersionUID来验证版本一致性的。
序列化操作的时候系统会把当前类的serialVersionUID写入到序列化文件中,在进行反序列化时,JVM会把传来的字节流中的serialVersionUID与本地相应实体类的serialVersionUID进行比较,如果相同就认为是一致的,可以进行反序列化,否则会出InvalidCastException异常。
package com.nl.sx820.io.stream.serializable;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.nl.statictest.UserTest;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* Created with IntelliJ IDEA 2018.
* Description:Serializable序列化
* 使用ObjectInputStream和阿里巴巴fastjson序列化以及反序列化
*
* @author: 黄昭鸿
* @date: 2018-08-21
* Time: 16:00
*
* 使用阿里 fastjson 作为JSON MessageConverter
* https://github.com/alibaba/fastjson/wiki/JSONField
*
* @JSONField(serialize=false)指定字段不序列化(java默认的不序列化方法是在属性上加关键字“transient”,反序列化时该属性为默认值)
* @JSONField(ordinal = 1)使用ordinal指定字段的顺序,default 0,从一开始
* @JSONField(format="yyyy-MM-dd",ordinal = 4)
*/
public class SerializableDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
UserTest userTest = new UserTest("黄", "123456", 12, 16.6, new Date());
//新建两个文件
File file = new File("E:" + File.separator + "Downloads" + File.separator + userTest.getClass().getName() + ".dat");
File fastjsonfile = new File("E:" + File.separator + "Downloads" + File.separator + "fastjson.dat");
//把对象序列化保存到文件中
objToFileUseObjectOutputStream(file, userTest);
//使用阿里巴巴fastjson序列化,String text = JSON.toJSONString( Object object);
objToFileUseFastjson(fastjsonfile, userTest);
//反序列化,使用ObjectInputStream
System.out.println("使用ObjectInputStream反序列化:");
UserTest userTest1 = (UserTest) readFileUseObjectInputStream(file);
System.out.println(userTest1);
//反序列化,使用阿里巴巴fastjson
System.out.println("使用阿里巴巴fastjson反序列化:");
UserTest userTest2 = JSON.parseObject(readFileUseFileReader(fastjsonfile), UserTest.class);
System.out.println(userTest2);
}
//序列化对象到文件,使用ObjectOutputStream
public static void objToFileUseObjectOutputStream(File targetfile, Object object) {
try {
//处理流套着节点流,节点流里套着文件
ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(targetfile));
objectOutputStream.writeObject(object);
objectOutputStream.flush();
objectOutputStream.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//序列化对象到文件,使用fastjson
public static void objToFileUseFastjson(File targetfile, Object object) {
try {
BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(targetfile));
bufferedWriter.write(JSON.toJSONString(object));
bufferedWriter.flush();
bufferedWriter.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//反序列化,使用ObjectInputStream
public static Object readFileUseObjectInputStream(File file) {
try {
//处理流套着节点流,节点流里套着文件
ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
//读取文件并反序列化
UserTest temp = (UserTest) objectInputStream.readObject();
//System.out.println(temp);
objectInputStream.close();
return temp;
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
//读取文件内容到String
public static String readFileUseFileReader(File file) {
FileReader fileReader = null;
String string = "";
try {
fileReader = new FileReader(file);
char[] chars = new char[(int) file.length()];
/* for (int i = 0; i <fileReader.read(chars); i++) {
string.concat(String.valueOf(chars[i]));
}*/
fileReader.read(chars);
string=new String(chars);
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (fileReader != null) {
try {
fileReader.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
System.out.println("读取:"+string);
return string;
}
}
使用Java默认序列化机制时,实体类必须实现Serializable接口,实现后如果该类没有显式地定义一个serialVersionUID变量时候,Java序列化机制会根据编译的Class自动生成一个serialVersionUID作序列化版本比较用,这种情况下,如果Class文件(类名,方法明等)没有发生变化(增加空格,换行,增加注释等等),就算再编译多次,serialVersionUID也不会变化的,完全相同的一个类,在不同的编译器上编译,自动生成的serialVersionUID有可能会不一致,导致无法完成反序列化,所以通常会显式地定义serialVersionUID。
如上图,假设和是两台计算机上(相同)的实体类,显示地定义了相同的serialVersionUID;
序列化得到;
当删除某字段(属性,假设为),再通过反序列化时,得到的对象将没有字段(属性);
当transient某字段(属性,假设为),再通过反序列化时,得到的对象里字段(属性)的值为初始化值(引用类型为null,基本类型为相应的初始默认值);
当添加新字段(属性,假设为),再通过反序列化时,得到的对象会有字段(属性),其值为初始化值。
实例见附录
另外,序列化保存的是对象的状态,类的状态(比如静态变量)不会保存。
父类的序列化参见父类的序列化
总结:反序列化时,总是以的"结构"为准。
/**
* 使用阿里 fastjson 作为JSON MessageConverter
*https://github.com/alibaba/fastjson/wiki/JSONField
*
* @JSONField(serialize=false)指定字段不序列化(java默认的不序列化方法是在属性上加关键字“transient”,反序列化时该属性为默认值)
* @JSONField(ordinal = 1)使用ordinal指定字段的顺序,default 0,从一开始
* @JSONField(format="yyyy-MM-dd",ordinal = 4)
*
* String text = JSON.toJSONString(obj); //序列化
* VO vo = JSON.parseObject("{...}", VO.class); //反序列化
* 泛型反序列化:
* import com.alibaba.fastjson.TypeReference;
* List<VO> list = JSON.parseObject("...", new TypeReference<List<VO>>() {});
*
* 如果需要输出对象属性中的null为空值,怎么做
* JSON.toJSONString(obj, SerializerFeature.WriteMapNullValue);
*
* String text = JSON.toJSONString(obj, SerializerFeature.WriteMapNullValue, SerializerFeature.WriteNullListAsEmpty);
* */
public class UserTest implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 9166711291168034786L;
//static final long serialVersionUID=1L;
@JSONField(ordinal = 1)
private String username;
@JSONField(ordinal = 2)
private String password;
@JSONField(ordinal = 3)
private int experience;
@JSONField(ordinal = 4)
private double money;
@JSONField(ordinal = 5,format="yyyy年MM月dd日")
private Date regtime;
public UserTest() {}
public UserTest(String username, String password, int experience, double money, Date regtime) {
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
this.experience = experience;
this.money = money;
this.regtime = regtime;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return this.username+","+this.password+"(密码),经验:"+this.experience+",钱:"+this.money+",注册时间:"+this.regtime;
}
//省略setter和getter方法,项目中记得要补上
}
一条线程指的是进程中一个单一顺序的控制流,一个进程中可以并发多个线程,每条线程并行执行不同的任务。
隐含的主线程:main()
package com.nl.sx822.multithread;
public class SingleThread {
public static void aVoid(String str) {
System.out.println("a:" + str);
}
public static void bVoid(String str) {
System.out.println("b:");
aVoid(str);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("main:");
System.out.println("单线程:b-->a");
bVoid("黄");
}
}
package com.nl.sx822.multithread;
/**
* Created with IntelliJ IDEA 2018.
* Description:多线程——继承Thread方式
* 主线程:输出1-20
* 子线程:输出1-20
* 实现步骤:【1】-【5】
* .yield()调用此方法的线程释放当前CPU执行权,但有可能被再次选中执行
* .join()在A线程(此例中为main)中调用B线程的join()方法,表示:当执行到此方法时,A线程等待B执行完毕,A线程再接着执行join()后的代码。
* .isAlive() 线程是否活着,通常用来判断线程是否已完成
* .sleep()
* .getPriority()获取线程优先级
* .setPriority()设置优先级,MAX_PRIORITY(10),NORM_PRIORITY(5),MIN_PRIORITY(1)
*
* @author: 黄昭鸿
* @date: 2018-08-22
* Time: 10:40
*/
/**
* 类说明:【1】继承于Thread的子类
* 【2】重写run()方法,作为子线程
*/
class Sub extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
//Thread.currentThread(),当前线程引用
try {
for (int i = 1; i < 21; i++) {
String s = Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + i;
System.out.println(s);
sleep(300);
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public class Multithread {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("出现交替打印是明显的多线程体现");
//【3】创建子线程类的对象
Sub s = new Sub();
Sub s2 = new Sub();
//【4】调用start方法来启动线程
s.setName("1号子线程");
s.start();
s2.setName("2号子线程");
s2.start();
//s.run()//直接调用run()方法会变成单线程
//【5】主线程
for (int j = 1; j < 21; j++) {
String s1 = Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + j;
if (j == 15) {
try {
s2.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//线程是否活着,用来判断线程是否已完成
System.out.println(s2.isAlive());
System.out.println(s1);
}
}
}
package com.nl.sx822.multithread;
/**
* Created with IntelliJ IDEA 2018.
* Description:多线程——实现Runnable类的方式
* 步骤:【1】-【5】
*
* @author: 黄昭鸿
* @date: 2018-08-22
* Time: 15:50
*/
/**
* 类说明:【1】实现Runnable类,实现类记为A
* 【2】重写run()方法
*/
class SubThread implements Runnable {
/**
* When an object implementing interface <code>Runnable</code> is used
* to create a thread, starting the thread causes the object's
* <code>run</code> method to be called in that separately executing
* thread.
* <p>
* The general contract of the method <code>run</code> is that it may
* take any action whatsoever.
*
* @see Thread#run()
*/
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
//if (i%2==0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + i);
//}
}
}
}
public class Multithread2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//【3】创建A类的对象该对象记为a
SubThread subThread = new SubThread();
System.out.println("创建子线程类的对象");
//【4】利用对象a创建子线程类的对象
Thread thread1 = new Thread(subThread);
Thread thread2 = new Thread(subThread);
Thread thread3 = new Thread(subThread);
thread1.setName("1号子线程");
thread2.setName("2号子线程");
thread3.setName("3号子线程");
//【5】调用start方法来启动线程
thread1.start();
thread2.start();
thread3.start();
//main线程先执行,只有子线程并发?
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}
}
其一
package com.nl.sx822.multithread.demo;
/**
* Created with IntelliJ IDEA 2018.
* Description:多线程(继承Thread类方式)——模拟多窗口卖票
*
* @author: 黄昭鸿
* @date: 2018-08-22
* Time: 15:37
*/
class Window extends Thread {
//总票数,static
static int ticket = 100;
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
if (ticket > 0) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + ticket--);
} else {
break;
}
}
}
}
public class StationTicketWindow {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println();
Window window1 = new Window();
Window window2 = new Window();
Window window3 = new Window();
window1.setName("1号窗口");
window2.setName("2号窗口");
window3.setName("3号窗口");
window1.start();
window2.start();
window3.start();
}
}
其二
package com.nl.sx822.multithread.demo;
/**
* Created with IntelliJ IDEA 2018.
* Description:多线程(实现Runnable类方式)——模拟多窗口卖票
*
* @author: 黄昭鸿
* @date: 2018-08-22
* Time: 16:24
*/
class Window2 implements Runnable {
int ticket = 100;
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
if (ticket > 0) {
/* try 处代码将引发线程同步问题
try {
Thread.sleep(10);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}*/
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+ticket--);
} else {
break;
}
}
}
}
public class StationTicketWindow2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Window2 subThread = new Window2();
System.out.println("创建子线程对象");
Thread thread1 = new Thread(subThread);
Thread thread2 = new Thread(subThread);
Thread thread3 = new Thread(subThread);
thread1.setName("1号窗口");
thread2.setName("2号窗口");
thread3.setName("3号窗口");
thread1.start();
thread2.start();
thread3.start();
//main线程不参与子线程的并发??????
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}
}
针对上述“多线程(实现Runnable类方式)——模拟多窗口卖票”程序中try代码块可能引发的多线程并发时的安全问题,可使用Java线程同步机制来解决此线程安全问题。
class A {}
class Window2 implements Runnable {
int ticket = 100;
//同步监视器(共用的一把锁a)
A obj = new A();
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
//使用Java线程同步机制实现线程安全
// 同步锁,括号里不能new新对象,否则不同步,此处用this也可以,this代表Window2的对象,在main方法中只被new了1次
synchronized (obj) {
if (ticket > 0) {
/* try 处代码将引发多线程并发时的安全问题(线程同步问题),一个线程操作共享变量ticket且未完成时,另一个线程也对ticket进行操作。
* 解决:必须让一个线程操作共享数据完毕后,其他线程才有机会参与共享数据的操作
* */
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + ticket--);
} else {break;}
}
}
}
}
class Window3 implements Runnable {
int ticket = 100;
//synchronized修饰方法时,其同步监视器(锁)为this。
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
if (show()){break;}
}
}
public synchronized boolean show(){
if (ticket > 0) {
try {
Thread.sleep(10);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + ticket--);
return false;
}else {return true;}
}
}
java.lang.Object的三个方法:
只在synchronized代码块或方法中使用。
wait();令当前线程挂起并放弃CPU、同步资源,使别的线程可访问并修改共享资源,二当前线程排队等候在此对资源的访问。
notify();唤醒正在排队等待同步资源的线程中优先级最高者结束等待。
notifyAll();唤醒正在排队等待资源的所有线程结束等待。
package com.nl.sx822.multithread.demo;
/**
* Created with IntelliJ IDEA 2018.
* Description:俩线程交替打印1-100
*
* @author: 黄昭鸿
* @date: 2018-08-23
* Time: 11:36
*/
class SubThread1 implements Runnable {
private int anInt = 1;
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
synchronized (this) {
notify();
if (anInt <= 100) {
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + anInt++);
} else {break;}
try {
wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}
}
}
}
}
public class Multithread4 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SubThread1 subThread1 = new SubThread1();
Thread thread1 = new Thread(subThread1);
thread1.setName("甲");
Thread thread2 = new Thread(subThread1);
thread2.setName("乙");
//Thread thread3 = new Thread(subThread1);
//thread3.setName("3号");
//thread3.start();
thread1.start();
thread2.start();
}
}
守护线程是用来服务用户线程的,通过在start方法前调用thread.setDaemon(true)可以把一个用户线程变成一个守护线程。
Java垃圾回收就是一个典型的守护线程。
若JVM中都是守护线程,当前JVM将推出。
public class Multithread2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SubThread subThread = new SubThread();
System.out.println("创建子线程对象");
Thread thread1 = new Thread(subThread);
Thread thread2 = new Thread(subThread);
Thread thread3 = new Thread(subThread);
thread1.setName("1号子线程");
thread2.setName("2号子线程");
thread3.setName("3号子线程");
thread1.start();
thread2.start();
thread3.start();
//main线程不参与子线程的并发??????
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}
}
其一
package com.nl.sx822.serializable;
/**
* Created with IntelliJ IDEA 2018.
* Description:使用Java默认序列化机制进行序列化
* transient字段(属性)、增加字段(属性)、减少字段(属性)对默认机制序列化的影响
*
* 另见package com.nl.sx820.io.stream.serializable;
*
* @author: 黄昭鸿
* @date: 2018-08-22
* Time: 23:00
*/
import cn.hutool.core.lang.Console;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Date;
public class SerializableDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//UserA userA=new UserA("A", "123456", 10, 166, new Date());
//UserB userB=new UserB("B", "654123", 20, 199, new Date());
UserA userA=new UserA();
UserB userB=new UserB();
File fileA = new File("E:" + File.separator + "Downloads" + File.separator + userA.getClass().getName() + ".data");
File fileB = new File("E:" + File.separator + "Downloads" + File.separator + userB.getClass().getName() + ".data");
//序列化
//objToFileUseObjectOutputStream(fileA,userA);
//objToFileUseObjectOutputStream(fileB,userB);
System.out.println("反序列化");
//如果类比序列化文件多了一个sex新字段,反序列化后对象的对应字段值为初始化值
//如果类比序列化文件少了一个password字段,反序列化后对象将没有password字段
UserA a= (UserA) readFileUseObjectInputStream(fileA);
//UserA cannot be cast to UserB//即使UID一致也报错
//UserB b= (UserB) readFileUseObjectInputStream(fileA);
//如果类transient某个字段,反序列化后对象的对应字段值为初始化值
UserB b= (UserB) readFileUseObjectInputStream(fileB);
System.out.println(a);
System.out.println(b);
}
//序列化对象到文件,使用对象字节流ObjectOutputStream
public static void objToFileUseObjectOutputStream(File targetfile, Object object) {
try {
//处理流套着节点流,节点流里套着文件
ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(targetfile));
objectOutputStream.writeObject(object);
objectOutputStream.flush();
objectOutputStream.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//反序列化,使用ObjectInputStream
public static Object readFileUseObjectInputStream(File file) {
try {
//处理流套着节点流,节点流里套着文件
ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
//读取文件并反序列化
Object temp = objectInputStream.readObject();
//System.out.println(temp);
objectInputStream.close();
return temp;
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
}
class UserA implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 3187377513146605030L;
private String username;
private String password;
private String sex;
private int experience;
private double money;
private Date regtime;
public UserA() {}
@Override
public String toString() {
return this.username+","+this.password+",性别:"+this.sex+",经验:"+this.experience+",钱:"+this.money+",注册时间:"+this.regtime;
}
//省略setter和getter方法,项目中记得要补上
}
class UserB implements Serializable{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 9166711291168034788L;
private String username;
private transient String password;
private int experience;
private double money;
private Date regtime;
public UserB() {}
@Override
public String toString() {
return this.username+","+this.password+",经验:"+this.experience+",钱:"+this.money+",注册时间:"+this.regtime;
}
//省略setter和getter方法,项目中记得要补上
}
其二
package com.nl.sx822.serializable;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.annotation.JSONField;
import java.io.*;
import java.time.LocalDate;
/**
* Created with IntelliJ IDEA 2018.
* Description:使用阿里巴巴fastjson序列化和反序列化
* 增加字段、减少字段(属性)对阿里序列化的影响
* JSONField(serialize=false)指定字段不序列化
* @author: 黄昭鸿
* @date: 2018-08-23
* Time: 19:21
*/
public class SerializableAliDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
UserC userC = new UserC("张铁牛","甲","男",LocalDate.now());
//D比C少一个字段
UserD userD = new UserD("张铁男","乙","女");
File fileC = new File("E:" + File.separator + "Downloads" + File.separator + userC.getClass().getName() + ".data");
File fileD = new File("E:" + File.separator + "Downloads" + File.separator + userD.getClass().getName() + ".data");
//使用阿里巴巴fastjson序列化,String text = JSON.toJSONString( Object object);
objToFileUseFastjson(fileC, userC);
objToFileUseFastjson(fileD, userD);
//反序列化,不要求两个类必须一致
UserC c = JSON.parseObject(readFileUseFileReader(fileC),UserC.class);
//UserD转UserC
UserC c2 = JSON.parseObject(readFileUseFileReader(fileD),UserC.class);
//UserC转UserD
UserD d = JSON.parseObject(readFileUseFileReader(fileC),UserD.class);
System.out.println();
//正常反序列化
System.out.println(c);
//类字段增加,反序列化后对象“新”字段的值为初始化值。
System.out.println(c2);
//类字段减少,反序列化时将忽略序列化文件中多出的字段。
System.out.println(d);
}
//序列化对象到文件,使用fastjson
public static void objToFileUseFastjson(File targetfile, Object object) {
try {
BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(targetfile));
bufferedWriter.write(JSON.toJSONString(object));
bufferedWriter.flush();
bufferedWriter.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//读取文件内容到String
public static String readFileUseFileReader(File file) {
FileReader fileReader = null;
String string = "";
try {
fileReader = new FileReader(file);
char[] chars = new char[(int) file.length()];
/* for (int i = 0; i <fileReader.read(chars); i++) {
string.concat(String.valueOf(chars[i]));
}*/
fileReader.read(chars);
string = new String(chars);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (fileReader != null) {
try {
fileReader.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
System.out.println("读取:" + string);
return string;
}
}
class UserC {
/**
* 可指定字段序列化顺序,否则按字母顺序(而不是声明顺序)
*/
@JSONField(ordinal = 2)
private String username;
@JSONField(ordinal = 1)
private String id;
@JSONField(ordinal = 3)
private String sex;
/**
* 日期类可指定字段序列化格式
*/
@JSONField(ordinal = 4,format="yyyy年MM月dd日")
private LocalDate birthday;
public UserC() {}
public UserC(String username, String id, String sex, LocalDate birthday) {
this.username = username;
this.id = id;
this.sex = sex;
this.birthday = birthday;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "姓名:"+username+",ID:"+id+",性别:"+sex+",生日:"+birthday;
}
//省略setter和getter方法,项目中记得要补上
}
class UserD {
@JSONField(ordinal = 1)
private String username;
@JSONField(ordinal = 2)
private String id;
@JSONField(ordinal = 3)
private String sex;
public UserD() {}
public UserD(String username, String id, String sex) {
this.username = username;
this.id = id;
this.sex = sex;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "姓名:"+username+",ID:"+id+",性别:"+sex;
}
//省略setter和getter方法,项目中记得要补上
}