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@llplmlyd 2019-05-10T03:21:22.000000Z 字数 10126 阅读 1488

Django用户登录注册系统

论文

用户登录注册系统 功能分析

实现以下功能：
用户注册: 注册完成后转到登录页面
用户登录: 登录完成后转到用户资料页面
用户资料页面: 查看用户注册信息，并提供编辑资料按钮
用户资料编辑：编辑完成后转到用户资料查看页面
用户密码重置
用户退出登陆

项目整体文件目录

  1. FSCIIDB
  2. |---FSCIIDB
  3.     |--- __init__.py 
  4.     |--- __pycache__/  
  5.     |--- settings.py  # modified
  6.     |--- urls.py      # modified
  7.     |--- wsgi.py  
  8. |---login               # created：python manage.py startapp login
  9.     |--- __init__.py 
  10.     |--- admin.py       # add to register login: admin.site.register(models.User)
  11.     |--- apps.py 
  12.     |--- forms.py       # created file: defaultname is forms.py
  13.     |--- urls.py        # created file: defaultname is urls.py
  14.     |--- models.py      # modified
  15.     |--- views.py       # modified
  16.     |--- tests.py    
  17.     |--- migrations/      
  18.     |--- static/        # created directory and files as you see
  19.         |--- login/
  20.             |--- css/ 
  21.                 |--- login.css 
  22.                 |--- register.css
  23.             |--- img/ 
  24.     |--- templates/     # created directory and files as you see
  25.         |--- confirm.html       
  26.         |--- index.html  
  27.         |--- login.html
  28.         |--- register.html

源代码

1.设计数据表models.py

  1. # models.py
  2. # 可以继承Django自带的User
  4. # coding:utf-8
  5. from django.db import models
  6. from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
  7. # Create your models here.
  10. # 继承了django中的用户基本 类AbstractUser
  11. class User(AbstractUser):
  13.     right_level = [(0, "普通用户"), (1, "司法鉴定员"), (2, "系统用户")]
  15.     username = models.CharField("用户名称", unique=True, max_length=50)
  16.     # django 要求用户名唯一
  17.     password = models.CharField("用户密码", max_length=128)
  18.     created_time = models.DateTimeField("账户创建时间", auto_now_add=True)
  19.     email = models.EmailField("邮箱")
  20.     phone = models.CharField("手机号码", unique=True, max_length=30)
  21.     right = models.SmallIntegerField("权限等级", choices=right_level, default=0)
  22.     has_confirmed = models.BooleanField(default=False) # 确认
  24.     # 元数据 增强可读性
  25.     class Meta:
  26.         verbose_name = '用户'
  27.         ordering = ['-id']
  29.     def __str__(self):
  30.         return self.username

2 设计登录与注册的表单forms.py

forms.py表单与models.py功能并不相同，forms.py提供快速渲染html表单的方法，并没有与数据库交互，其写入数据库的过程大致可以表示为：
forms.py → templates.html（action/render/redirect） →
views.py （models.User()）→ models.py → 数据库 

  1. from django import forms
  4. # 用户登录表单
  5. class UserForm(forms.Form):
  6.     username = forms.CharField(label="用户名", max_length=50, widget=forms.TextInput(
  7.         attrs={'class': 'form-control', 'placeholder': '用户名', 'autofocus': ''}))
  8.     password = forms.CharField(label="密码", max_length=30, widget=forms.PasswordInput(
  9.         attrs={'class': 'form-control', 'placeholder': '用户密码'}
  10.     ))
  13. #用户注册表单
  14. class RegisterForm(forms.Form):
  15.     gender = (
  16.         ('male', "男"),
  17.         ('female', "女"),
  18.     )
  19.     departments = ((0, "海珠区"), (1, "天河区"), (2, "荔湾区"), (3, "番禺区"),)
  21.     username = forms.CharField(label="用户名", max_length=50, widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
  22.     password1 = forms.CharField(label="密码", max_length=30, widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
  23.     password2 = forms.CharField(label="确认密码", max_length=30, widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
  24.     email = forms.CharField(label="邮箱地址", widget=forms.EmailInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
  25.     # 注意sex这里是Choice
  26.     sex = forms.ChoiceField(label="性别", choices=gender) 
  27.     phone = forms.CharField(label="手机号码", max_length=30, widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
  28.     # 注意department这里是Choice
  29.     department = forms.ChoiceField(label="所属部门", choices=departments)

3.Templates的HTML设计

这里有几个注意的点：页面逻辑、用户输入提示message、用户验证。
可以说html基本上就是表单的实现，而借用了forms.py 减少了代码的编写量。
confirm.html其实暂时不需要用到

  1. # login.html
  2. {% load static %}   # add 引入自己设置的css
  3. <!DOCTYPE html>
  4. <html lang="en">
  5. <head>
  6.     <!-- required meta tags --> # 添加注释
  7.     <meta charset="UTF-8">、
  9.     <!-- Bootstrap CSS --> # add Bootstrap CSS
  10.         <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
  11.         <link href="{% static 'login/css/login.css' %}" rel="stylesheet" />
  14.     <title>FSCI IDC|登录</title> # modified title name
  15. </head>
  16. <body>
  18. <div class="container">
  19.     <div class="col">
  20.         # 登录表单开始，注意action，将表单发送到哪里
  21.         <form class="form-login" action="/login/" method="post">
  23.             # 如果有 message 产生 则显示
  24.             {% if message %}
  25.                 <div class="alert alert-warning">{{ message }}</div>
  26.             {% endif %}
  28.             # django本身的csrf 问题需要在有post的request中添加以下内容
  29.             {% csrf_token %}
  31.             <h3 class="text-center">法庭科学硅藻鉴定智能数据库</h3>
  32.             # form-group 是 Bootstrap CSS的 样式
  33.             <div class="form-group">
  34.                 {{ login_form.username.label_tag }}
  35.                 {{ login_form.username }}
  36.             </div>
  37.             <div class="form-group">
  38.                 {{ login_form.password.label_tag }}
  39.                 {{ login_form.password }}
  40.             </div>
  42.             # 这里是登录框的下注内容了
  43.             <div>
  44.                 <a href="/register/" class="text-success"><ins>注册</ins></a>
  45.                 <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary float-right">登录</button>
  46.             </div>
  48.         </form>
  49.     </div>
  51. </div><!-- container end -->
  53. <!-- Optional JavaScript -->
  54.     <!-- jQuery first, then Popper.js, then Bootstrap JS -->
  56.     <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
  57.     <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/popper.js/1.15.0/umd/popper.min.js"></script>
  58.     <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
  60. </body>
  61. </html>
  1. # register.html
  2. # 基本上和login.html实现原理相同
  3. {% load static %}
  4. <!DOCTYPE html>
  5. <html lang="en">
  6. <head>
  7.     <!-- required meta tags -->
  8.     <meta charset="UTF-8">
  10.     <!-- Bootstrap CSS -->
  11.         <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
  12.         <link href="{% static 'login/css/register.css' %}" rel="stylesheet" />
  14.     <title>FSCI IDC|注册</title>
  16. </head>
  17. <body>
  19. <div class="container">
  20.     <div class="col">
  21.         <form class="form-register" action="/register/" method="post">
  24.             {% if message %}
  25.                 <div class="alert alert-warning">{{ message }}</div>
  26.             {% endif %}
  28.             {% csrf_token %}
  30.             <h3 class="text-center">欢迎注册</h3>
  32.             <div class="form-group">
  33.                 {{ register_form.username.label_tag }}
  34.                 {{ register_form.username }}
  35.             </div>
  36.             <div class="form-group">
  37.                 {{ register_form.password1.label_tag }}
  38.                 {{ register_form.password1 }}
  39.             </div>
  40.             <div class="form-group">
  41.                 {{ register_form.password2.label_tag }}
  42.                 {{ register_form.password2 }}
  43.             </div>
  44.             <div class="form-group">
  45.                 {{ register_form.email.label_tag }}
  46.                 {{ register_form.email }}
  47.             </div>
  48.             <div class="form-group">
  49.                 {{ register_form.sex.label_tag }}
  50.                 {{ register_form.sex }}
  51.             </div>
  52.             <div class="form-group">
  53.                 {{ register_form.department.label_tag }}
  54.                 {{ register_form.department }}
  55.             </div>
  56.             <div class="form-group">
  57.                 {{ register_form.phone.label_tag }}
  58.                 {{ register_form.phone }}
  59.             </div>
  61.             <div>
  62.                 <a href="/login/" class="text-success"><ins>直接登录</ins></a>
  63.                 <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary float-right">注册</button>
  64.             </div>
  66.         </form>
  67.     </div>
  68. </div> <!-- container end-->
  70. <!-- Optional JavaScript -->
  71.     <!-- jQuery first, then Popper.js, then Bootstrap JS -->
  73.     <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
  74.     <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/popper.js/1.15.0/umd/popper.min.js"></script>
  75.     <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
  77. </body>
  78. </html>
  1. # index.html
  2. <!DOCTYPE html>
  3. <html lang="en">
  4. <head>
  5.     <meta charset="UTF-8">
  6.     <title>FSCI IDB|首页</title>
  8. </head>
  9. <body>
  10.     {% csrf_token %}
  11.     <h1>{{ request.session.user_name }}!  欢迎回来！ </h1>
  12.     {% csrf_token %}
  13.     <p>
  14.         <a href="/logout/">注销</a>
  15.     </p>
  16. </body>
  17. </html>

4 视图函数的设计 views.py

  1. # views.py
  2. from django.shortcuts import render
  3. from django.shortcuts import redirect
  4. from django.conf import settings
  5. from . import models
  6. from . import forms
  7. import hashlib
  8. from django.contrib.auth import authenticate # 用于验证admin账号
  9. import datetime
  10. # Create your views here.
  13. # 普通用户的密码加密方式
  14. def hash_code(s,salt='fsciidb'):
  15.     h = hashlib.sha256()
  16.     s += salt
  17.     h.update(s.encode())
  18.     return h.hexdigest()
  21. # 首页视图 使用了模板
  22. def index(request):
  23.     # 必须使用session才能进入index页面：
  24.     if not request.session.get('is_login', None):
  25.         return redirect('/login/')
  26.     return render(request, 'index.html')
  29. # 登录视图 使用了模板
  30. def login(request):
  31.     if request.session.get('is_login', None):# 不允许重复登录
  32.         return redirect('/index/')
  33.     if request.method == 'POST':
  34.         login_form = forms.UserForm(request.POST)
  35.         message = '请检查填写的信息！'
  36.         if login_form.is_valid():
  37.             username = login_form.cleaned_data.get('username')
  38.             password = login_form.cleaned_data.get('password')
  39.             temper_user = models.User()
  41.             try:
  42.                 user = models.User.objects.get(username=username)
  43.             except:
  44.                 message = '用户不存在！'
  45.                 return render(request, 'login.html', locals())
  46.             # 管理员登录
  47.             user_admin = authenticate(username=username, password=password)
  48.             if user_admin:
  49.                 request.session['is_login'] = True
  50.                 request.session['user_id'] = user.id
  51.                 request.session['user_name'] = user.username
  52.                 return redirect('/index/')
  53.             # 普通用户登录
  54.             if user.password == hash_code(password):
  55.                 request.session['is_login'] = True
  56.                 request.session['user_id'] = user.id
  57.                 request.session['user_name'] = user.username
  58.                 return redirect('/index/')
  59.             else:
  60.                 message = '密码不正确！'
  61.                 return render(request, 'login.html', locals())
  62.         else:
  63.             return render(request, 'login.html', locals())
  64.     login_form = forms.UserForm()
  65.     return render(request, 'login.html', locals())
  68. # 注册视图 使用了模板
  69. def register(request):
  70.     if request.session.get('is_login', None):
  71.         return redirect('/index/')
  73.     if request.method == 'POST':
  74.         register_form = forms.RegisterForm(request.POST)
  75.         message = "请检查填写的信息！"
  76.         if register_form.is_valid():
  77.             username = register_form.cleaned_data.get('username')
  78.             password1 = register_form.cleaned_data.get('password1')
  79.             password2 = register_form.cleaned_data.get('password2')
  80.             email = register_form.cleaned_data.get('email')
  81.             sex = register_form.cleaned_data.get('sex')
  82.             department = register_form.cleaned_data.get('department')
  83.             phone = register_form.cleaned_data.get('phone')
  85.             if password1 != password2:
  86.                 message = '两次输入密码不同！'
  87.                 return render(request, 'register.html', locals())
  88.             else:
  89.                 same_phone_user = models.User.objects.filter(phone=phone)
  90.                 if same_phone_user:
  91.                     message = '该账号已存在'
  92.                     return render(request, 'register.html', locals())
  93.                 same_email_user = models.User.objects.filter(email=email)
  94.                 if same_email_user:
  95.                     message = '该邮箱已经被注册'
  96.                     return render(request, 'register.html', locals())
  98.                 # 将form表单中输入的内容保存到数据库当中
  99.                 new_user = models.User()
  100.                 new_user.username = username
  101.                 # 数据库不明文存储密码，使用hash加密
  102.                 new_user.password = hash_code(password1)
  103.                 new_user.email = email
  104.                 new_user.sex = sex
  105.                 new_user.department = department
  106.                 new_user.phone = phone
  107.                 # 最后需要使用save()函数保存才能生效
  108.                 new_user.save()
  110.                 return render(request, 'confirm.html', locals())
  111.         else:
  112.             return render(request, 'register.html',locals())
  113.     register_form = forms.RegisterForm()
  114.     return render(request, 'register.html', locals())
  116. # 注销视图，无使用模板
  117. def logout(request):
  118.     if not request.session.get('is_login', None):
  119.         return redirect('/login/')
  121.     # 清空session 断开连接 回到login界面
  122.     request.session.flush()
  123.     # del request.session['is_login']
  124.     return redirect("/login/")

5.路由设计

  1. # 一级路由urls.py
  2. from django.contrib import admin
  3. from django.urls import path
  4. from django.urls import include
  6. urlpatterns = [
  7.     path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
  8.     path('',include('login.urls')), # 进入二级路由进行正则匹配判断
  9. ]
  1. # 二级路由urls.py
  2. from django.urls import path
  3. from . import views
  5. urlpatterns = [
  6.     path('index/', views.index, name='index'),
  7.     path('login/', views.login, name='login'),
  8.     path('register/', views.register, name='register'),
  9.     path('logout/', views.logout, name='logout'),
  11. ]

6.setting文件设置

  1. DATABASES = {
  2.     'default': {
  3.         'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', # your db
  4.         # 'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
  5.         'NAME': 'IDB', # your db_name
  6.         'HOST': '127.0.0.1',  # your host
  7.         'USER': 'root', # your db_user
  8.         'PASSWORD': '****', # your db_password
  9.         'PORT': '3306',  # your db_port
  10.     }
  11. }
  13. LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'  # modifed by llp
  15. TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'  # modifed by llp
  17. USE_TZ = False  # modifed by llp
  19. # add by llp 扩展django自身的用户表，需要修改它的模型
  20. # your_aap.models_Name
  21. AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'login.User'
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