@cdmonkey 2017-05-11T02:03:19.000000Z 字数 8276 阅读 2256

smartmontools

Nagios

https://github.com/v-zhuravlev/zbx-smartctl

一、简介

SMART: Self Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology

Download: http://www.smartmontools.org/wiki/Download
Linux.cn: http://linux.cn/article-4461-weixin.html
http://my.oschina.net/u/877567/blog/307336

原创硬盘检测：http://czmmiao.iteye.com/blog/1058215

服务器硬盘是最容易出现问题及发生故障的部件，而且硬盘中存储着大量重要的数据，万一出现故障所造成的损失也是无法估计的，轻则需要化费大量的时间与精力去做数据恢复，重则硬盘报废，里面重要的数据也无法完全恢复，所以对硬盘健康状态的检测，就尤其重要了。为了避免遇到硬盘损坏的情况，用户可使用该软件包程序，它通过使用自身监测、分析及报告三种技术来实施监管存储硬件。

二、安装

安装依赖包：

yum install gcc gcc-c++

[root@oadb tools]# tar zxvf smartmontools-6.4.tar.gz
[root@oadb tools]# cd smartmontools-6.4
[root@oadb smartmontools-6.4]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local --without-selinux
make && make install
------------------
# Yum install:
yum install -y smartmontools

三、使用

1. smartctl

# View the version information:
[root@oadb ~]# smartctl -V
smartctl 6.4 2015-06-04 r4109 [x86_64-linux-2.6.18-308.el5] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-15, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
...

使用一台配有八块硬盘的服务器进行测试：

[root@kvm-test ~]# smartctl --scan-open
/dev/sda -d scsi # /dev/sda, SCSI device
/dev/bus/6 -d megaraid,0 # /dev/bus/6 [megaraid_disk_00], SCSI device
/dev/bus/6 -d megaraid,1 # /dev/bus/6 [megaraid_disk_01], SCSI device
/dev/bus/6 -d megaraid,2 # /dev/bus/6 [megaraid_disk_02], SCSI device
/dev/bus/6 -d megaraid,3 # /dev/bus/6 [megaraid_disk_03], SCSI device
/dev/bus/6 -d megaraid,4 # /dev/bus/6 [megaraid_disk_04], SCSI device
/dev/bus/6 -d megaraid,5 # /dev/bus/6 [megaraid_disk_05], SCSI device
/dev/bus/6 -d megaraid,6 # /dev/bus/6 [megaraid_disk_06], SCSI device
/dev/bus/6 -d megaraid,7 # /dev/bus/6 [megaraid_disk_07], SCSI device

其中：“megaraid”应该是阵列卡芯片名称，megaraid,0中的0代表的是于“megaraid”中的物理盘编号。

取得设备的“smart”信息：

[root@kvm-test ~]# smartctl --all /dev/sda
smartctl 6.5 2016-05-07 r4318 [x86_64-linux-2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Vendor:               DELL
Product:              PERC H710
Revision:             3.13
User Capacity:        2,096,078,258,176 bytes [2.09 TB]
Logical block size:   512 bytes
Logical Unit id:      0x6c81f660e79791001ec4a6da05d41165
Serial number:        006511d405daa6c41e009197e760f681
Device type:          disk
Local Time is:        Wed Apr 19 13:50:19 2017 CST
SMART support is:     Unavailable - device lacks SMART capability.
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
Current Drive Temperature:     0 C
Drive Trip Temperature:        0 C
Error Counter logging not supported
Device does not support Self Test logging

能够看到，阵列卡本身并不支持“SMART”功能。再具体看下单块硬盘的情况：

[root@kvm-test ~]# smartctl -i -d megaraid,0 /dev/sda
smartctl 6.5 2016-05-07 r4318 [x86_64-linux-2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Vendor:               SEAGATE
Product:              ST9300653SS
Revision:             YS0A
Compliance:           SPC-4
User Capacity:        300,000,000,000 bytes [300 GB]
Logical block size:   512 bytes
Rotation Rate:        15000 rpm
Form Factor:          2.5 inches
Logical Unit id:      0x5000c500716ff47f
Serial number:        6XN5SGF1
Device type:          disk
Transport protocol:   SAS (SPL-3)
Local Time is:        Wed Apr 19 14:49:20 2017 CST
SMART support is:     Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is:     Enabled
Temperature Warning:  Disabled or Not Supported

能够看到，硬盘设备支持“SMART”功能。

[root@oadb ~]# smartctl -i /dev/sda
smartctl 6.4 2015-06-04 r4109 [x86_64-linux-2.6.18-308.el5] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-15, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
Smartctl open device: /dev/sda failed: DELL or MegaRaid controller, please try adding '-d megaraid,N'

# View disk information:
[root@oadb ~]# smartctl -i -d megaraid,0 /dev/sda
smartctl 6.4 2015-06-04 r4109 [x86_64-linux-2.6.18-308.el5] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-15, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Vendor:               SEAGATE
Product:              ST9300653SS
Revision:             YS09
Compliance:           SPC-4
User Capacity:        300,000,000,000 bytes [300 GB]
Logical block size:   512 bytes
Rotation Rate:        15000 rpm
Form Factor:          2.5 inches
Logical Unit id:      0x5000c5005fb0745b
Serial number:        6XN33ER0
Device type:          disk
Transport protocol:   SAS (SPL-3)
Local Time is:        Thu Oct 22 19:02:55 2015 CST
SMART support is:     Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is:     Enabled
Temperature Warning:  Disabled or Not Supported

查看设备的健康状态：

# Check the hard disk health status:
[root@oadb ~]# smartctl -H /dev/sda -d megaraid,0
smartctl 6.4 2015-06-04 r4109 [x86_64-linux-2.6.18-308.el5] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-15, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Health Status: OK

使用SMART只能报告硬盘已经不再健康，可报警后还能继续运行多久无法确定，通常，SMART报警参数是有预留的，硬盘出现报错信息后，并不会当场就损坏，一般能坚持一段时间，有的硬盘报错后还继续跑了好几年，有的硬盘报错后几天就无法使用了，千万不能存侥幸心理。

# Check the hard disk error log:
[root@oadb ~]# smartctl -l error -d megaraid,0 /dev/sda
smartctl 6.4 2015-06-04 r4109 [x86_64-linux-2.6.18-308.el5] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-15, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
Error counter log:
           Errors Corrected by           Total   Correction     Gigabytes    Total
               ECC          rereads/    errors   algorithm      processed    uncorrected
           fast | delayed   rewrites  corrected  invocations   [10^9 bytes]  errors
read:   931486797        0         0  931486797          0      13847.275           0
write:         0        0         0         0          0       5962.098           0
verify: 3042089148        0         0  3042089148          0      18667.773           0
Non-medium error count:  2

[root@oadb ~]# smartctl -A -d megaraid,0 /dev/sda
smartctl 6.4 2015-06-04 r4109 [x86_64-linux-2.6.18-308.el5] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-15, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
Current Drive Temperature:     31 C
Drive Trip Temperature:        68 C
Manufactured in week 10 of year 2013
Specified cycle count over device lifetime:  10000
Accumulated start-stop cycles:  26
Elements in grown defect list: 0
Vendor (Seagate) cache information
  Blocks sent to initiator = 3753898349
  Blocks received from initiator = 3003303195
  Blocks read from cache and sent to initiator = 2259987377
  Number of read and write commands whose size <= segment size = 40109835
  Number of read and write commands whose size > segment size = 190
Vendor (Seagate/Hitachi) factory information
  number of hours powered up = 16559.07
  number of minutes until next internal SMART test = 19

[root@PBSSES01 ~]# smartctl -a /dev/bus/0 -d megaraid,3
smartctl 6.5 2016-05-07 r4318 [x86_64-linux-2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Vendor:               SEAGATE
Product:              ST600MP0005
Revision:             VT31
Compliance:           SPC-4
User Capacity:        600,127,266,816 bytes [600 GB]
Logical block size:   512 bytes
Formatted with type 2 protection
LU is fully provisioned
Rotation Rate:        15000 rpm
Form Factor:          2.5 inches
Logical Unit id:      0x5000c5009599aff7
Serial number:        S7M0WHMN
Device type:          disk
Transport protocol:   SAS (SPL-3)
Local Time is:        Thu Apr 20 14:24:01 2017 CST
SMART support is:     Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is:     Enabled
Temperature Warning:  Disabled or Not Supported
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Health Status: OK
Current Drive Temperature:     34 C
Drive Trip Temperature:        60 C
Manufactured in week 48 of year 2015
Specified cycle count over device lifetime:  10000
Accumulated start-stop cycles:  23
Specified load-unload count over device lifetime:  300000
Accumulated load-unload cycles:  489
Elements in grown defect list: 0     # 传说中这里是标识出是否有坏道的地方，俗称成长坏道。
Vendor (Seagate) cache information
  Blocks sent to initiator = 290310405
  Blocks received from initiator = 583431357
  Blocks read from cache and sent to initiator = 1944507
  Number of read and write commands whose size <= segment size = 6490035
  Number of read and write commands whose size > segment size = 51
Vendor (Seagate/Hitachi) factory information
  number of hours powered up = 10990.77
  number of minutes until next internal SMART test = 7
Error counter log:
           Errors Corrected by           Total   Correction     Gigabytes    Total
               ECC          rereads/    errors   algorithm      processed    uncorrected
           fast | delayed   rewrites  corrected  invocations   [10^9 bytes]  errors
read:   2472572503        0         0  2472572503          0        728.491           0
write:         0        0         0         0          0        315.816           0
verify: 597797863        0         0  597797863          0      39623.364           0
Non-medium error count:      2  # 非介质错误。意思是说不是盘的问题，一般是电缆、传输、校验问题，可忽略。
SMART Self-test log
Num  Test              Status                 segment  LifeTime  LBA_first_err [SK ASC ASQ]
     Description                              number   (hours)
# 1  Background short  Completed                  80       3                 - [-   -    -]
# 2  Reserved(7)       Completed                  64       3                 - [-   -    -]
Long (extended) Self Test duration: 3360 seconds [56.0 minutes]

通过修改以上的 smartmontools 的设置文件定期对硬盘进行健康检测，如同给人定期体检一样，体检通过了并不代表就没病（很多疾病用体检的设备都查不到），所以这也符合“Google”的硬盘报告所说的情况，所有损坏的情况中只有60%可以被SMART检测到，所以不能完全依赖其检测结果。

Error log

[root@PBSSES01 ~]# smartctl -l selftest /dev/bus/0 -d megaraid,3  
smartctl 6.5 2016-05-07 r4318 [x86_64-linux-2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Self-test log
Num  Test              Status                 segment  LifeTime  LBA_first_err [SK ASC ASQ]
     Description                              number   (hours)
# 1  Background short  Completed                  80       3                 - [-   -    -]
# 2  Reserved(7)       Completed                  64       3                 - [-   -    -]
Long (extended) Self Test duration: 3360 seconds [56.0 minutes]

2. smartd

上面的smartctl看起来是个非常不错的工具，可每次都通过手动运行着实麻烦，如果能够以指定的间隔运行，同时又能通知运维人员其检测结果，那不是更好吗？其实该功能已经有了：通过smartd后台服务发就能够实施该功能。

[root@oadb ~]# vim /etc/smartd.conf
# Sample configuration file for smartd. See man smartd.conf.
DEVICESCAN -H -m root