@MrXiao
2018-03-05T14:25:12.000000Z
字数 11271
阅读 1098
Spring
SpringMVC
原文地址
Spring MVC全称是Spring Web MVC,是spring框架中的一部分,与struts一样是一个表现层框架。
Spring MVC是当前最优秀的MVC框架,自从Spring2.5版本发布后,由于支持注解配置,易用性有了大幅度的提高。Spring3.0更加完善,实现了对Struts2的超越。现在越来越多的开发团队选择了Spring MVC。
<--more-->
从以上流程可以看出几个主要的部件:
使用maven构建基本工程结构
细节参见Maven学习与基本使用
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.topvision.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>ssm</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>ssm Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<!-- 属性 -->
<properties>
<spring.version>4.3.12.RELEASE</spring.version>
<mybatis.version>3.4.5</mybatis.version>
</properties>
<!-- 锁定版本 -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!-- Spring -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- mybatis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mysql驱动 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.6</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- c3p0 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- slf4j -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- junit -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.9</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- jstl -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- servlet jsp -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
<finalName>ssm</finalName>
</build>
</project>
关键:在web.xml配置springmvc的前端控制器
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<!--若不配置此项,默认加载/WEB-INF/[servlet的名字]-servlet.xml-->
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<!--
*.action或*.do等等,以其结尾的url由springmvc来解析
/ 所有请求都由springmvc解析,单静态资源的请求(html,css,js)由其解析是不对的
/* 此种配置方式不对,当转到jsp页面,springmvc会去解析jsp页面路径地址,无法解析成功
-->
<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
在3.4设置的地址下新建对应的xml文件,一般在classpath下新建springmvc.xml
在springmvc.xml中配置处理器映射器。(有多种)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd">
<!-- 处理器映射器,选择其中之一即可-->
<!--根据handel的名字来匹配url-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
<!--升级版-->
<!--根据handel的id来匹配url-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
<property name="mappings">
<props>
<prop key="/ItemsList2.action">itemsController</prop>
<prop key="/ItemsList3.action">itemsController</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
开发Handel必须按照处理器适配器接口规则去开发,先要确定使用哪个处理器适配器。
此处使用SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter。
<!-- 处理器适配器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>
通过源码分析得出:
public boolean supports(Object handler) {
return (handler instanceof Controller);
}
只要实现了Controller接口的bean,SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter都可以去执行。
还有一个非注解适配器HttpRequestHandlerAdapter,只要实现HttpRequestHandler接口即可。
public class ItemsController1 implements Controller {
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
// 调用service查询商品信息
// 这里不调用service使用静态数据模拟
List<Items> itemsList = new ArrayList<Items>();
Items items_2 = new Items();
items_2.setName("苹果手机");
items_2.setPrice(9688f);
items_2.setDetail("iphoneX苹果手机!");
itemsList.add(items_1);
itemsList.add(items_2);
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
//此方法相当于request.setAttribute(arg0, arg1)
modelAndView.addObject(itemsList);
//指定视图地址
modelAndView.setViewName("/WEB-INF/jsp/itemsList.jsp");
return modelAndView;
}
}
使用jsp视图解析器,在springmvc.xml中配置如下:
<!-- ViewResolver -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!--设置统一的前后缀-->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
更改Handle代码,使用逻辑视图名:
//指定视图地址
//modelAndView.setViewName("/WEB-INF/jsp/itemsList.jsp");
modelAndView.setViewName("itemList");
在web-inf/jsp下,创建itemList.jsp
注解的处理器映射器:
spring3.1之前使用org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping
spring3.1之后使用org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping;
注解的处理器适配器:
spring3.1之前使用
org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter
3.1之后使用
org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
在springmvc.xml中配置:
<!-- 注解的处理器映射器和适配器 -->
<!--
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping"/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter" />
-->
<!-- 简写 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
注解处理器映射器和注解处理器适配器要配对使用,对标记@controller注解类中的标记有@RequestMapping方法进行映射和执行。
@controller标记此类是一个控制器
@RequestMapping:对url和Handler中的方法进行映射。
@Controller
public class ItemsController2 {
@RequestMapping("/itemsList4")
public ModelAndView itemList4() {
// 调用service查询商品信息
// 这里不调用service使用静态数据模拟
List<Items> itemsList = new ArrayList<Items>();
Items items_1 = new Items();
items_1.setName("联想笔记本");
items_1.setPrice(6000f);
items_1.setDetail("ThinkPad T430 联想笔记本电脑!");
Items items_2 = new Items();
items_2.setName("苹果手机");
items_2.setPrice(5000f);
items_2.setDetail("iphone6苹果手机!");
itemsList.add(items_1);
itemsList.add(items_2);
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
// 此方法相当于request.setAttribute(arg0, arg1)
modelAndView.addObject(itemsList);
// 指定视图地址
// modelAndView.setViewName("/WEB-INF/jsp/itemsList.jsp");
modelAndView.setViewName("itemsList");
return modelAndView;
}
}
为方便配置,采用注解扫描的方式。
<!-- 可以扫描标记有@controller、@service、@repository、@component的bean -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.topvision.ssm"></context:component-scan>