@fanisfun 2017-07-07T13:16:07.000000Z 字数 6367 阅读 3387

定制ubuntu镜像

ubuntu livecd

1. 准备

预备镜像： ubuntu-14.04.5-desktop-amd64.iso
预备软件
- squashfs：一套基于Linux内核使用的压缩只读文件系统。
- dchroot：允许使用 chroot 改变程序执行的根目录。
```
sudo apt-get install -y squashfs-tools dchroot
```

Mount 镜像(Live CD)

mkdir /tmp/livecd
cd ~
sudo mount -o loop ./ubuntu-14.04.5-desktop-amd64.iso /tmp/livecd

创建工作目录，并拷贝镜像文件


# 原本镜像文件副本
mkdir -p livecd/cd
rsync --exclude=/casper/filesystem.squashfs -a \
  /tmp/livecd/ \
  ~/livecd/cd
# 原版filesystem.squashfs生成的压缩只读文件系统
mkdir -p livecd/squashfs
sudo modprobe squashfs
sudo mount -t squashfs -o loop \
  /tmp/livecd/casper/filesystem.squashfs \
  ~/livecd/squashfs/
# 定制系统根目录
mkdir -p livecd/custom
sudo cp -a ~/livecd/squashfs/* ~/livecd/custom

如果此处出现如下错误——配置文件冲突：

sudo modprobe squashfs
WARNING: Deprecated config file /etc/modprobe.conf,
all config files belong into /etc/modprobe.d/

备份配置文件 mv /etc/modprobe.conf /etc/modprobe.conf.bak , 再试一次。

拷贝网络配置和软件源

sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf /etc/hosts ~/livecd/custom/etc/
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list ~/livecd/custom/etc/apt/
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list ~/livecd/custom/etc/apt/sources.list.save

搭建一个"假冒"文件系统

sudo chroot ~/livecd/custom /bin/bash -l
mount -t proc none /proc/
mount -t sysfs none /sys/

新建 test 用户，并赋予 sudo 权限

groupadd user
useradd -m -s /bin/bash -g user test
useradd -m -s /bin/bash -g user hadoop
chmod u+w /etc/sudoers
echo "test ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL" >> /etc/sudoers
echo "hadoop ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL" >> /etc/sudoers
chmod u-w /etc/sudoers
# 设置密码
passwd test
passwd hadoop

拷贝软件到定制系统

exit
sudo cp opencv-3.2.0.zip livecd/custom/home/test/
sudo cp cuda_8.0.61_375.26_linux.run livecd/custom/home/test/
sudo cp -r nccl livecd/custom/home/test/
sudo cp -r jpy livecd/custom/home/test/
sudo cp -r cudnn livecd/custom/home/test/
sudo chroot --userspec=test:user livecd/custom /bin/bash -l
cd ~

2. 定制系统

安装基础软件和三方库

sudo apt-get update
## 卸载 openJDK
# 三方库
sudo apt-get install -y \
  build-essential \
  libprotobuf-dev protobuf-compiler \
  libleveldb-dev liblmdb-dev \
  libhdf5-serial-dev libsnappy-dev \
  libgflags-dev libgoogle-glog-dev \
  libatlas-base-dev
sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends libboost-all-dev   # boost-c++/python
# 软件
sudo apt-get install -y \
  vim cmake lrzsz git tree realpath imagemagick
  openssh-server \    # ssh
  ntp \    # 多机时间同步
  maven \    # jpy
  mysql-client-core-5.6 mysql-client-5.6 mysql-server-5.6     #mysql root passwd hadoop
  # xrdp vnc4server xubuntu-desktop \    # 远程桌面

安装 python 包

sudo apt-get install -y \
  python-pip python-dev \
  python-numpy python-scipy python-matplotlib \
  python-sklearn python-skimage \
  python-h5py python-protobuf python-leveldb \
  python-networkx python-nose python-pandas \
  python-gflags python-pydot cython ipython

安装Cuda 8.0 (不装Nvidia Driver)

显卡驱动部署时只有根据型号安装，GTX1080Ti 和 Titan X 驱动版本不兼容。
OpenCV，nccl，jpy 编译会依赖Cuda，缺乏显卡驱动，所以部分测试省略。

sudo ./cuda_8.0.61_375.26_linux.run # 启动cuda安装程序
## 安装向导
* Install NVIDIA Accelerated Graphics Driver?   No
* Install cuda-8 Toolkit?                        Yes
* Install to path ...             /usr/local/cuda-8.0
* Create a symbolic link ...        /usr/local/cuda
* Install cuda samples                            No
## 配置环境变量
sudo echo "export PATH=/usr/local/cuda-8.0/bin:\$PATH" \
  | sudo tee /etc/profile.d/cuda.sh && source /etc/profile
sudo echo "/usr/local/cuda/lib64
/lib" | sudo tee /etc/ld.so.conf.d/cuda.conf
sudo ldconfig -v | grep cuda
## 验证是否安装成功
nvcc -V     # 版本 8.0
## 安装 cuBlas 补丁
sudo sh ./cuda_8.0.61.2_linux.run

安装Cudnn 6.0 (DNN 加速库)

tar -zxvf cudnn-8.0-linux-x64-v5.1.tar
sudo cp cuda/include/cudnn.h /usr/local/include/
sudo cp cuda/lib64/libcudnn_static.a /usr/local/lib/
sudo cp cuda/lib64/libcudnn.so.5.1.10 /usr/local/lib/
sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/libcudnn.so.5.1.10 /usr/local/lib/libcudnn.so.5
sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/libcudnn.so.5 /usr/local/lib/libcudnn.so

安装Nccl (单机多卡)

cd ~/nccl && make CUDA_HOME=/usr/local/cuda test -j $(nproc)
sudo make PREFIX=/usr/local install

安装OpenCV 3.2

unzip opencv-3.2.0.zip && cd opencv-3.2.0    # 已经提前下载好ippicv库
sudo chmod -R a+x .
mkdir build && cd build
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local ..
make -j $(nproc)  # 多线程编译
sudo make install && sudo ldconfig -v | grep opencv     # 安装并更新环境变量

安装MySQL 5.6 参考

修改配置文件 /etc/mysql/my.cnf。(*部分待安装后配置)

安装 Java 环境

Oracle Java 1.8

sudo mv jdk1.8.0_92 /usr/local/
## 配置环境变量
sudo echo "# java
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_92
export JRE_HOME=\$JAVA_HOME/jre
export CLASSPATH=\$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:\$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:\$JRE_HOME/lib
export PATH=\$PATH:\$JAVA_HOME/bin:\$JRE_HOME/bin" \
    | sudo tee /etc/profile.d/java.sh
source /etc/profile
## java -version 既然是OpenJDK
## 更新系统java
sudo update-alternatives \
    --install /usr/bin/java java \
    /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_92/bin/java 800
sudo update-alternatives --config java  # select 2
java -version
# java version "1.8.0_92"

安装 Jpy

cd ~/jpy
export JDK_HOME=$JAVA_HOME
python setup.py --maven build
sudo cp -r build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7 /usr/local/jpy
sudo python /usr/local/jpy/jpyutil.py
## 配置环境变量
sudo echo "# jpy
export JPY_HOME=/usr/local/jpy
export CLASSPATH=\$CLASSPATH:\$JPY_HOME/jpy-0.9-SNAPSHOT.jar" \
    | sudo tee /etc/profile.d/jpy.sh
source /etc/profile

静态 ip (部署时可能需要)


# 配置interfaces中的ip等信息
# 配置base中的域名服务器
# 安装到系统目录，并重启网络
sudo cp ./interfaces /etc/network/interfaces
sudo cp ./base /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/base
echo "config dynamic /etc/resolv.conf(5)"
sudo echo "# Dynamic resolv.conf(5) file for glibc resolver(3) generated by resolvconf(8)" \
  | sudo tee /etc/resolv.conf
sudo echo "#     DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE BY HAND -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE OVERWRITTEN" \
  | sudo tee -a  /etc/resolv.conf
sudo cat "./base" | sudo tee -a /etc/resolv.conf
sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

修改时区(Time zone)

dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
# choose Asian/Shanghai

3. 生成镜像

清理临时数据

apt-get clean
rm -rf /tmp/*
rm -f /etc/hosts /etc/resolv.conf
umount /proc/
umount /sys/
exit

生成清单文件

sudo chmod +w ~/livecd/cd/casper/filesystem.manifest
sudo chroot ~/livecd/custom dpkg-query \
  -W --showformat='${Package} ${Version}\n' \
  > ~/livecd/cd/casper/filesystem.manifest
sudo cp ~/livecd/cd/casper/filesystem.manifest \
  ~/livecd/cd/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop

重建压缩文件系统

sudo rm ~/livecd/cd/casper/filesystem.squashfs
sudo mksquashfs ~/livecd/custom \
  ~/livecd/cd/casper/filesystem.squashfs

更新 md5 sum 文件

sudo chmod +w ~/livecd/cd/md5sum.txt
sudo bash -c 'cd ~/livecd/cd && find . -type f -exec md5sum {} +' \
  > ~/livecd/cd/md5sum.txt

生成镜像文件

cd ~/livecd/cd
sudo mkisofs -r -V "Ubuntu-Live" \
  -b isolinux/isolinux.bin \
  -c isolinux/boot.cat \
  -cache-inodes -J -l -no-emul-boot \
  -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table \
  -o ~/ubuntu-14.04.5-desktop-amd64-cuda-java.iso .

unmount 并清理残余文件

cd ~
sudo umount ~/livecd/squashfs/
sudo umount /tmp/livecd
sudo rm -fr ~/livecd/

4. 制作U盘镜像

enjoy it :)

4.1 BLAS

基础线性代数子程序(Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms)

MKL: Intel® Parallel Studio XE Cluster Edition for Linux Select

tar -zxvf parallel_studio_xe_2017_update2.tar.gz
cd parallel_studio_xe_2017_update2
sudo chmod a+x -R .
sudo ./install.sh # or ./install_GUI.sh

配置环境变量

sudo echo "/opt/intel/lib/intel64
/opt/intel/mkl/lib/intel64" | sudo tee /etc/ld.so.conf.d/intel_mkl.conf && sudo ldconfig -v | grep intel

5. 参考链接

Ask Ubuntu：How to customize the Ubuntu Live CD? 中第二个回答。

6.Tips

安装mkl (默认Atlas忽略这一步)
sources.list(官方源), sources.list.save(hust源)
libcaffe.so 找不到则移动到系统目录(/usr/local/lib)