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@fanisfun 2017-03-07T02:12:23.000000Z 字数 4924 阅读 3020

Linux U盘分区

Linux

1. 查看U盘分区号

  1. sudo fdisk -l
  1.   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
  2. /dev/sda1               1  3907029167  1953514583+  ee  GPT
  3. Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
  5. Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root: 1931.0 GB, 1930973675520 bytes
  6. 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 234760 cylinders, total 3771432960 sectors
  7. Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
  8. Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
  9. I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
  10. Disk identifier: 0x00000000
  12. Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root doesn\'t contain a valid partition table
  14. Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-swap_1: 68.6 GB, 68627202048 bytes
  15. 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8343 cylinders, total 134037504 sectors
  16. Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
  17. Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
  18. I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
  19. Disk identifier: 0x00000000
  21. Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-swap_1 doesn\'t contain a valid partition table
  23. Disk /dev/sdb: 31.1 GB, 31104958464 bytes
  24. 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3781 cylinders, total 60751872 sectors
  25. Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
  26. Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  27. I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  28. Disk identifier: 0x91cd37a8
  30.    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
  31. /dev/sdb1   *      784384    60751871    29983744    c  W95 FAT32 (LBA)     ## <- here!

可以看出U盘分区号是: /dev/sdb1

2. U盘分区

  1. sudo fdisk /dev/sdb
  1. Command (m for help): m     ## 打印命令列表
  2. Command action
  3.    a   toggle a bootable flag   # 将分区标记为可启动盘
  4.    b   edit bsd disklabel
  5.    c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
  6.    d   delete a partition       # 删除一个分区
  7.    l   list known partition types
  8.    m   print this menu
  9.    n   add a new partition
  10.    o   create a new empty DOS partition table
  11.    p   print the partition table
  12.    q   quit without saving changes
  13.    s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
  14.    t   change a partition\'s system id
  15.    u   change display/entry units
  16.    v   verify the partition table
  17.    w   write table to disk and exit
  18.    x   extra functionality (experts only)
  20. Command (m for help): p     ## 打印U盘分区: /dev/sdb1
  22. Disk /dev/sdb: 31.1 GB, 31104958464 bytes
  23. 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3781 cylinders, total 60751872 sectors
  24. Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
  25. Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  26. I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  27. Disk identifier: 0x91cd37a8
  29.    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
  30. /dev/sdb1   *      784384    60751871    29983744    c  W95 FAT32 (LBA)
  32. Command (m for help): d     ## 删除原本分区
  33. Selected partition 1
  35. Command (m for help): p     ## 打印U盘分区: 无
  37. Disk /dev/sdb: 31.1 GB, 31104958464 bytes
  38. 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3781 cylinders, total 60751872 sectors
  39. Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
  40. Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  41. I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  42. Disk identifier: 0x91cd37a8
  44.    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
  46. Command (m for help): n     ## 新建分区
  47. Partition type:
  48.    p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
  49.    e   extended
  50. Select (default p): p       ## 基本分区
  51. Partition number (1-4, default 1): 2    ## 指定为2号分区
  52. First sector (2048-60751871, default 2048): 
  53. Using default value 2048
  54. Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-60751871, default 60751871): +2G    ## 大小为2G
  56. Command (m for help): p     ## 打印分区: /dev/sdb2
  58. Disk /dev/sdb: 31.1 GB, 31104958464 bytes
  59. 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3781 cylinders, total 60751872 sectors
  60. Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
  61. Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  62. I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  63. Disk identifier: 0x91cd37a8
  65.    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
  66. /dev/sdb2            2048     4196351     2097152   83  Linux
  68. Command (m for help): n
  69. Partition type:
  70.    p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
  71.    e   extended
  72. Select (default p): p       ## 基本分区
  73. Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1    ## 指定为2号分区
  74. First sector (4196352-60751871, default 4196352): 
  75. Using default value 4196352
  76. Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (4196352-60751871, default 60751871):     ## 剩余所有空间
  77. Using default value 60751871
  79. Command (m for help): p     ## 打印分区: /dev/sdb1 & /dev/sdb2
  81. Disk /dev/sdb: 31.1 GB, 31104958464 bytes
  82. 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3781 cylinders, total 60751872 sectors
  83. Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
  84. Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  85. I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  86. Disk identifier: 0x91cd37a8
  88.    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
  89. /dev/sdb1         4196352    60751871    28277760   83  Linux   ## 数据分区
  90. /dev/sdb2            2048     4196351     2097152   83  Linux   ## 启动分区
  92. Command (m for help): w     ## 保存修改并退出
  93. The partition table has been altered!

注意： Windows下默认只识别 1号分区，因此将数据分区指定为1号 /dev/sdb1 。

3. 格式文件系统

  1. sudo mkfs.ntfs -f -L NTFS /dev/sdb1     ## NTFS
  2. sudo mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/sdb2          ## FAT32

数据分区为 NTFS 以支持大于4G文件的存取，启动分区为 FAT32 获得更好的兼容性。

4. 加载U盘分区

  1. sudo mkdir -p /mnt/usb1
  2. sudo mount -t auto /dev/sdb1 /mnt/usb1
  3. sudo mkdir -p /mnt/usb2
  4. sudo mount -t auto /dev/sdb2 /mnt/usb2
  6. sudo df -h   ## 打印文件系统信息
  1. Filesystem                   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
  2. /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root  1.8T  3.4G  1.7T   1% /
  3. none                         4.0K     0  4.0K   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
  4. udev                          32G  4.0K   32G   1% /dev
  5. tmpfs                        6.3G  1.5M  6.3G   1% /run
  6. none                         5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
  7. none                          32G  144K   32G   1% /run/shm
  8. none                         100M   36K  100M   1% /run/user
  9. /dev/sda2                    237M   45M  180M  20% /boot
  10. /dev/sda1                    511M  3.4M  508M   1% /boot/efi
  11. /dev/sdb2                     27G   16K  2.0G   1% /mnt/usb2    # <- here
  12. /dev/sdb1                    2.0G   16K   27G   1% /mnt/usb1    # <- here

4. Clonezilla启动 Extension

Clonezilla（再生龙）是一款遵守GUN授权方式的自由软件，它基于Partimage，吸取了Norton Ghost和Partition Image的优点。即不仅支持对整个硬盘系统进行克隆，而且也可以克隆单个的分区，这种灵活性更能满足各种使用者的需要，此外支持多种的操作系统与文件系统也是其强大之处。我主要使用Clonezilla对Windows和Linux系统环境进行的备份、还原和部署。单台部署，选择最新的 Live 稳定版。

mark

  1. sudo unzip clonezilla.zip -d /mnt/usb2
  2. cd /mnt/usb2/utils/linux
  3. sudo ./makeboot.sh /dev/sdb2
  4. sudo apt-get install -y libc6-i386  # may need

Clonezilla 具体使用方法参考 百度文库: Clonezilla(再生龙)用户指南

5. 卸载U盘

  1. sudo umount /mnt/usb1 && sudo rm -r /mnt/usb1
  2. sudo umount /mnt/usb2 && sudo rm -r /mnt/usb2

提示: 每次拔出U盘前，请保持 卸载 的好习惯。

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