故障排查

记一次ubuntu系统磁盘无法挂载之gdisk命令的使用

可以使用fdisk -l查看到磁盘分区信息但实际上并未成功

(base) root@ywb:~# fdisk -l
......
The primary GPT table is corrupt, but the backup appears OK, so that will be used.
Disk /dev/sde: 4.6 TiB, 5000981077504 bytes, 9767541167 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 01000000-0000-0000-4E41-435239463342
Device      Start        End    Sectors  Size Type
/dev/sde1      40     409639     409600  200M EFI System
/dev/sde2  411648 9767540735 9767129088  4.6T Microsoft basic data

我们这里可以看到明显的报错

The primary GPT table is corrupt, but the backup appears OK, so that will be used.

(base) root@ywb:~# ll -d /dev/sde2
ls: cannot access '/dev/sde2': No such file or directory

我们可以使用gdisk命令进行修复损坏的分区

(base) root@ywb:~# gdisk /dev/sde
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.3
Caution: invalid main GPT header, but valid backup; regenerating main header
from backup!
Caution! After loading partitions, the CRC doesn't check out!
Warning! Main partition table CRC mismatch! Loaded backup partition table
instead of main partition table!
Warning! One or more CRCs don't match. You should repair the disk!
Partition table scan:
  MBR: protective
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: damaged
****************************************************************************
Caution: Found protective or hybrid MBR and corrupt GPT. Using GPT, but disk
verification and recovery are STRONGLY recommended.
****************************************************************************
# 可以看到磁盘的GPT分区有问题

# 然后输入r进行修复
Command (? for help): r

# 然后我们输入问号
# 这里列出了一些我们可能用到的指令，这里我们只会用到b
Recovery/transformation command (? for help): ?
b   use backup GPT header (rebuilding main)
c   load backup partition table from disk (rebuilding main)
d   use main GPT header (rebuilding backup)
e   load main partition table from disk (rebuilding backup)
f   load MBR and build fresh GPT from it
g   convert GPT into MBR and exit
h   make hybrid MBR
i   show detailed information on a partition
l   load partition data from a backup file
m   return to main menu
o   print protective MBR data
p   print the partition table
q   quit without saving changes
t   transform BSD disklabel partition
v   verify disk
w   write table to disk and exit
x   extra functionality (experts only)
?   print this menu

# 输入b，然后什么也不会显示
Recovery/transformation command (? for help): b
# 继续输入w，写入备份的GPT分区数据重建磁盘
Recovery/transformation command (? for help): w
Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!
Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sde.
The operation has completed successfully.
# ok，到这里，磁盘就修复完成了

再次查看磁盘分区就没有报错了

(base) root@ywb:~# fdisk -l
......
Disk /dev/sde: 4.6 TiB, 5000981077504 bytes, 9767541167 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 01000000-0000-0000-4E41-435239463342
Device      Start        End    Sectors  Size Type
/dev/sde1      40     409639     409600  200M EFI System
/dev/sde2  411648 9767540735 9767129088  4.6T Microsoft basic data

# 成功挂载
(base) root@ywb:~# mount /dev/sde2 /datasets