@liayun
2016-07-02T10:42:31.000000Z
字数 11570
阅读 1916
java基础
例1,需求:上传图片。
解:
定义客户端。
步骤:
class PicClient {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {Socket s = new Socket("10.48.16.235", 10007);FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("c:/1.jpg");OutputStream out = s.getOutputStream();byte[] buf = new byte[1024];int len = 0;while((len=fis.read(buf)) != -1) {out.write(buf, 0, len);}// 告诉服务端数据已写完s.shutdownOutput();InputStream in = s.getInputStream();byte[] bufIn = new byte[1024];int num = in.read(bufIn);System.out.println(new String(buf, 0, num));fis.close();s.close();}}
定义服务端。
class PicServer {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(10007);Socket s = ss.accept();InputStream in = s.getInputStream();FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("server.jpg");byte[] buf = new byte[1024];int len = 0;while((len=in.read(buf)) != -1) {fos.write(buf, 0, len);}OutputStream out = s.getOutputStream();out.write("上传成功!".getBytes());fos.close();s.close();ss.close();}}
这个服务端有个局限性,当A客户端连接上以后,被服务端获取到,服务端执行具体流程。这时B客户端连接,只有等待,因为服务端还没有处理完A客户端的请求,还没有循环回来执行下一次accpet()方法,所以暂时获取不到B客户端对象。
那么为了可以让多个客户端同时并发访问服务端,服务端最好就是将每个客户端封装到一个单独的线程中,这样就可以同时处理多个客户端请求。
那么如何定义线程呢?只要明确了每一个客户端在服务端执行的代码即可。将该代码存入run()方法中。代码如下:
class PicThread implements Runnable {private Socket s;PicThread(Socket s) {this.s = s;}public void run() {int count = 1;String ip = s.getInetAddress().getHostAddress();try {System.out.println(ip+".........connected");InputStream in = s.getInputStream();File file = new File(ip+"("+(count)+")"+".jpg"); // 10.48.16.235(1).jpgwhile(file.exists()) {file = new File(ip+"("+(count++)+")"+".jpg");}FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file);byte[] buf = new byte[1024];int len = 0;while((len=in.read(buf)) != -1) {fos.write(buf, 0, len);}OutputStream out = s.getOutputStream();out.write("上传成功!".getBytes());fos.close();s.close();} catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(ip+"上传失败!");}}}
那么服务端的代码为:
class PicServer {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(10007);while(true) {Socket s = ss.accept();new Thread(new PicThread(s)).start();}}}
以上代码是怎么实现让多个客户端同时并发访问服务端的呢?一张图来理解:
为了让客户端的代码更加严谨,可对要上传的图片路径做一系列判断,如下:
class PicClient {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {if(args.length != 1) {System.out.println("请选择一个jpg格式的图片");return;}File file = new File(args[0]);if(!(file.exists() && file.isFile())) {System.out.println("该文件有问题,要么不存在,要么不是文件");return;}if(!file.getName().endsWith(".jpg")) {System.out.println("图片格式错误,请重新选择");return;}if(file.length() > 1024*1024*5) {System.out.println("文件过大,没安好心");return;}Socket s = new Socket("10.48.16.235", 10007);FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);OutputStream out = s.getOutputStream();byte[] buf = new byte[1024];int len = 0;while((len=fis.read(buf)) != -1) {out.write(buf, 0, len);}// 告诉服务端数据已写完s.shutdownOutput();InputStream in = s.getInputStream();byte[] bufIn = new byte[1024];int num = in.read(bufIn);System.out.println(new String(buf, 0, num));fis.close();s.close();}}
例2,客户端通过键盘录入用户名,服务端对这个用户名进行校验。如果该用户存在,在服务端显示XXX,已登录,并在客户端显示XXX,欢迎光临。如果该用户不存在,在服务端显示XXX,尝试登录,并在客户端显示XXX,该用户不存在。最多就登录3次。
服务端用户数据为:
zhangsanlisiwangwusunbazhouqi
解:
客户端
class LoginClient {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {Socket s = new Socket("10.48.16.235", 10008);BufferedReader bufr =new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(s.getOutputStream(), true);BufferedReader bufIn =new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream()));for(int x = 0; x < 3; x++) {/*若在键盘敲Ctrl+C键,即代表结束录入,read()方法返回-1,readLine()方法返回null。*/String line = bufr.readLine(); // Ctrl+C,那么就是-1,readLine()返回nullif(line == null)break;out.println(line);String info = bufIn.readLine();System.out.println("info:"+info);/*若服务端反馈的消息包含"欢迎"字样,即代表用户登录成功,不需要再循环。*/if(info.contains("欢迎"))break;}bufr.close();s.close();}}
服务端
class UserThread implements Runnable {private Socket s;UserThread(Socket s) {this.s = s;}public void run() {String ip = s.getInetAddress().getHostAddress();System.out.println(ip+"..........connected");try {for(int x = 0; x < 3; x++) {BufferedReader bufIn =new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream()));/*客户端那边敲入Ctrl+C键时,客户端代码s.close();被执行,此时readLine()方法返回null,name即为null,所以name得加一个判断。*/String name = bufIn.readLine();if(name == null)break;BufferedReader bufr = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("user.txt"));PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(s.getOutputStream(), true);String line = null;boolean flag = false; // 定义标记while((line=bufr.readLine()) != null) {if(line.equals(name)) {flag = true;break;}}if(flag) {System.out.println(name+",已登录");out.println(name+",欢迎光临");break;} else {System.out.println(name+",尝试登录");out.println(name+",该用户不存在");}}s.close();} catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(ip+"校验失败");}}}class LoginServer {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(10008);while(true) {Socket s = ss.accept();new Thread(new UserThread(s)).start();}}}
客户端
telnet(远程登录命令——在DOS命令行下连接网络上任意一台主机)。
telnet 10.48.62.209 11000
服务端:自定义。
class ServerDemo {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(11000);Socket s = ss.accept();System.out.println(s.getInetAddress().getHostAddress());InputStream in = s.getInputStream();byte[] buf = new byte[1024];int len = in.read(buf);System.out.println(new String(buf, 0, len));PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(s.getOutputStream(), true);out.println("<font color='red' size='7'>客户端,你好!!!</font>");s.close();ss.close();}}
控制台输出类似诸如以下信息(HTTP请求消息头):
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.1.116:11000
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:47.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/47.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: keep-alive
当客户向服务端发起请求时,要在浏览器地址栏中输入诸如http://127.0.0.1:11000/myWeb/demo.html的字符串。
http:http协议。127.0.0.1:主机名。11000:端口号。myWeb:资源路径。demo.html:资源。客户端:自定义。
class MyIE {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {Socket s = new Socket("10.48.16.235", 8888);PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(s.getOutputStream(), true);out.println("GET /myWeb/demo.html HTTP/1.1");out.println("Accpet: */*"); // 代表客户端(浏览器)可接受任意类型的东东out.println("Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh");out.println("Host: 10.48.16.235:11000");out.println("Connection: closed");/*注意:HTTP请求消息头和主体信息之间一定要有一个空行为了保证安全,所以索性加了两行*/out.println();out.println();BufferedReader bufr =new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream()));String line = null;while((line=bufr.readLine()) != null) {System.out.println(line);}s.close();}}
服务器:Tomcat服务器。
控制台会打印类似信息:
我们还可自定义图形界面浏览器,代码如下:
import java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.*;import java.io.*;import java.net.*;class MyIEByGUI {private Frame f;private TextField tf;private Button but;private TextArea ta;private Dialog d;private Label lab;private Button okBut;MyIEByGUI() {init();}public void init() {f = new Frame("my window");f.setBounds(300, 100, 600, 500);f.setLayout(new FlowLayout());tf = new TextField(60);but = new Button("转到");ta = new TextArea(25, 68);/*对话框也是一个窗体,最好不要加到Frame里面去*/d = new Dialog(f, "提示信息-self", true); // true:对话框不处理掉,后面的窗体是无法操作的!!d.setBounds(400, 200, 240, 150);d.setLayout(new FlowLayout());lab = new Label();okBut = new Button("确定");d.add(lab);d.add(okBut);f.add(tf);f.add(but);f.add(ta);myEvent();f.setVisible(true);}private void myEvent() {// 点击对话框中的确定按钮,对话框也不显示出来okBut.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {d.setVisible(false);}});// 关闭对话框,对话框不显示d.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {d.setVisible(false);}});tf.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {try {if(e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_ENTER)showDir();} catch (Exception ex) {}}});but.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {try {showDir();} catch (Exception ex) {}}});f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {System.exit(0);}});}private void showDir() throws Exception {ta.setText("");String url = tf.getText(); ///*获取到的url路径形如:http://10.48.16.235:8888/myWeb/demo.html,以下代码只不过是拆解url字符串路径而已。*/int index1 = url.indexOf("//")+2;int index2 = url.indexOf("/", index1);String str = url.substring(index1, index2);String[] arr = str.split(":");String host = arr[0];int port = Integer.parseInt(arr[1]);String path = url.substring(index2);// ta.setText(str+"...."+path);Socket s = new Socket(host, port);PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(s.getOutputStream(), true);out.println("GET "+path+" HTTP/1.1");out.println("Accpet: */*");out.println("Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh");out.println("Host: 10.48.16.235:11000");out.println("Connection: closed");out.println();out.println();BufferedReader bufr =new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream()));String line = null;while((line=bufr.readLine()) != null) {ta.append(line+"\r\n");}s.close();}public static void main(String[] args) {new MyIEByGUI();}}
运行效果图:
类URL代表一个统一资源定位符,它是指向互联网“资源”的指针。
此类必须掌握以下方法:
String getFile():获取此URL的文件名。String getHost():获取此URL的主机名(如果适用)。String getPath():获取此URL的路径部分。int getPort():获取此URL的端口号。如果未设置端口号,则返回-1。String getProtocol():获取此URL的协议名称。String getQuery():获取此URL的查询部分。例,以下代码
class URLDemo {public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {URL url = new URL("http://10.48.16.235:8888/myWeb/demo.html?name=haha&age=30");System.out.println("getProtocol():"+url.getProtocol());System.out.println("getHost():"+url.getHost());System.out.println("getPort():"+url.getPort());System.out.println("getPath():"+url.getPath());System.out.println("getFile():"+url.getFile());System.out.println("getQuery():"+url.getQuery());// 不写端口时,给一个默认的端口号80/*int port = url.getPort();if(port == -1)port = 80;*/}}
输出:
getProtocol():http
getHost():10.48.16.235
getPort():8888
getPath():/myWeb/demo.html
getFile():/myWeb/demo.html?name=haha&age=30
getQuery():name=haha&age=30
此抽象类代表应用程序和URL之间的通信链接。此类的实例可用于读取和写入此URL引用的资源。它封装了Socket。
示例代码如下:
class URLConnectionDemo {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {URL url = new URL("http://192.168.1.116:8888/myWeb/demo.html");URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();System.out.println(conn); // 输出:sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection:http://192.168.1.116:8888/myWeb/demo.htmlInputStream in = conn.getInputStream();byte[] buf = new byte[1024];int len = in.read(buf);System.out.println(new String(buf, 0, len));}}
所以自定义图形界面浏览器代码优化之后为:
import java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.*;import java.io.*;import java.net.*;class MyIEByGUI2 {private Frame f;private TextField tf;private Button but;private TextArea ta;private Dialog d;private Label lab;private Button okBut;MyIEByGUI2() {init();}public void init() {f = new Frame("my window");f.setBounds(300, 100, 600, 500);f.setLayout(new FlowLayout());tf = new TextField(60);but = new Button("转到");ta = new TextArea(25, 68);/*对话框也是一个窗体,最好不要加到Frame里面去*/d = new Dialog(f, "提示信息-self", true); // true:对话框不处理掉,后面的窗体是无法操作的!!d.setBounds(400, 200, 240, 150);d.setLayout(new FlowLayout());lab = new Label();okBut = new Button("确定");d.add(lab);d.add(okBut);f.add(tf);f.add(but);f.add(ta);myEvent();f.setVisible(true);}private void myEvent() {// 点击对话框中的确定按钮,对话框也不显示出来okBut.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {d.setVisible(false);}});// 关闭对话框,对话框不显示d.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {d.setVisible(false);}});tf.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {try {if(e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_ENTER)showDir();} catch (Exception ex) {}}});but.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {try {showDir();} catch (Exception ex) {}}});f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {System.exit(0);}});}private void showDir() throws Exception {ta.setText("");String urlPath = tf.getText(); // http://192.168.1.116:8888/myWeb/demo.htmlURL url = new URL(urlPath);URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();InputStream in = conn.getInputStream();byte[] buf = new byte[1024];int len = in.read(buf);ta.setText(new String(buf, 0, len));}public static void main(String[] args) {new MyIEByGUI2();}}
图示其中的原理:
域名解析用一张图说明: