@zifehng
2017-04-24T10:21:46.000000Z
字数 2470
阅读 1878
linux
EFAULT
IS_ERR
kernel version: linux-4.9.13
在内核中定义了一些列错误码,以指示不同的出错情况:
include/uapi/asm-generic/errno-base.h
#ifndef _ASM_GENERIC_ERRNO_BASE_H
#define _ASM_GENERIC_ERRNO_BASE_H
#define EPERM 1 /* Operation not permitted */
#define ENOENT 2 /* No such file or directory */
#define ESRCH 3 /* No such process */
#define EINTR 4 /* Interrupted system call */
#define EIO 5 /* I/O error */
#define ENXIO 6 /* No such device or address */
#define E2BIG 7 /* Argument list too long */
#define ENOEXEC 8 /* Exec format error */
#define EBADF 9 /* Bad file number */
#define ECHILD 10 /* No child processes */
#define EAGAIN 11 /* Try again */
#define ENOMEM 12 /* Out of memory */
#define EACCES 13 /* Permission denied */
#define EFAULT 14 /* Bad address */
#define ENOTBLK 15 /* Block device required */
#define EBUSY 16 /* Device or resource busy */
#define EEXIST 17 /* File exists */
#define EXDEV 18 /* Cross-device link */
#define ENODEV 19 /* No such device */
#define ENOTDIR 20 /* Not a directory */
#define EISDIR 21 /* Is a directory */
#define EINVAL 22 /* Invalid argument */
#define ENFILE 23 /* File table overflow */
#define EMFILE 24 /* Too many open files */
#define ENOTTY 25 /* Not a typewriter */
#define ETXTBSY 26 /* Text file busy */
#define EFBIG 27 /* File too large */
#define ENOSPC 28 /* No space left on device */
#define ESPIPE 29 /* Illegal seek */
#define EROFS 30 /* Read-only file system */
#define EMLINK 31 /* Too many links */
#define EPIPE 32 /* Broken pipe */
#define EDOM 33 /* Math argument out of domain of func */
#define ERANGE 34 /* Math result not representable */
#endif
通常如果一个函数返回值是指针类型,在调用出错的情况下会返回NULL指针,但Linux内核对指针返回值作了更精妙的处理,使得出错情况能通过返回的指针体现出来。在内核中,有以下三种指针:
其中错误指针定义为指向内核空间保留区域(addr:0xffff000~0xffffffff, size: 4K)的指针,每一个地址都指示了一种出错情况。错误指针与错误码通过如下函数进行转换:
include/linux/err.h
......
#define MAX_ERRNO 4095
#define IS_ERR_VALUE(x) unlikely((unsigned long)(void *)(x) >= (unsigned long)-MAX_ERRNO)
/* 将错误码转为错误指针 */
static inline void * __must_check ERR_PTR(long error)
{
return (void *) error;
}
/* 将错误指针转为错误码 */
static inline long __must_check PTR_ERR(__force const void *ptr)
{
return (long) ptr;
}
/* 判断指针是否为错误指针 */
static inline bool __must_check IS_ERR(__force const void *ptr)
{
return IS_ERR_VALUE((unsigned long)ptr);
}
static inline bool __must_check IS_ERR_OR_NULL(__force const void *ptr)
{
return unlikely(!ptr) || IS_ERR_VALUE((unsigned long)ptr);
}
......
内联函数IS_ERR(),用来判断指针是否错误,将其一一展开:
IS_ERR(ptr)
|
IS_ERR_VALUE(ptr)
|
unlikely((unsigned long)(void *)(x) >= (unsigned long)-MAX_ERRNO)
|
unlikely((unsigned long)(void *)(x) >= (unsigned long)-4095)
表达式((unsigned long)-4095)的值就是0xfffff000,如果指针指向内核空间保留区域(0xfffff000~0xffffffff),IS_ERR()将返回flase,该指针被定义为错误指针。
内联函数PTR_ERR()与ERR_PTR(),提供错误指针与错误码相互转换的功能,涉及到类型强制转换,错误指针指向地址范围为0xfffff000~0xffffffff,因此转成错误码范围为-4096~-1。