@xujun94
        
        2016-07-28T16:01:52.000000Z
        字数 6704
        阅读 1293
    我们知道在Android系统中,我们执行完耗时操作都要另外开启子线程来执行,执行完线程以后线程会自动销毁。想象一下如果我们在项目中经常要执行耗时操作,如果经常要开启线程,接着又销毁线程,这无疑是很消耗性能的?那有什么解决方法呢?
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本篇博客主要讲解HandlerThread,关于线程池的原理,请自行了解。
HandlerThread是Google帮我们封装好的,可以用来执行多个耗时操作,而不需要多次开启线程,里面是采用handler和Looper实现的
Handy class for starting a new thread that has a looper. The looper can then be used to create handler classes. Note that start() must still be called.
HandlerThread handlerThread = new HandlerThread("myHandlerThread");
该参数表示线程的名字,可以随便选择。 
2. 启动我们创建的HandlerThread线程
handlerThread.start();
mThreadHandler = new Handler(mHandlerThread.getLooper()) {@Overridepublic void handleMessage(Message msg) {checkForUpdate();if(isUpdate){mThreadHandler.sendEmptyMessage(MSG_UPDATE_INFO);}}};
注意必须按照以上三个步骤来,下面在讲解源码的时候会分析其原因
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {private TextView mTv;Handler mMainHandler = new Handler();private Handler mThreadHandler;private static final int MSG_UPDATE_INFO = 0x100;private HandlerThread mHandlerThread;private boolean isUpdate=true;@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);mTv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv);initHandlerThread();}private void initHandlerThread() {mHandlerThread = new HandlerThread("xujun");mHandlerThread.start();mThreadHandler = new Handler(mHandlerThread.getLooper()) {@Overridepublic void handleMessage(Message msg) {checkForUpdate();if(isUpdate){mThreadHandler.sendEmptyMessage(MSG_UPDATE_INFO);}}};}/*** 模拟从服务器解析数据*/private void checkForUpdate() {try {//模拟耗时Thread.sleep(1200);mMainHandler.post(new Runnable() {@Overridepublic void run() {String result = "实时更新中,当前股票行情:<font color='red'>%d</font>";result = String.format(result, (int) (Math.random() * 5000 + 1000));mTv.setText(Html.fromHtml(result));}});} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}@Overrideprotected void onResume() {isUpdate=true;super.onResume();mThreadHandler.sendEmptyMessage(MSG_UPDATE_INFO);}@Overrideprotected void onPause() {super.onPause();isUpdate=false;mThreadHandler.removeMessages(MSG_UPDATE_INFO);}@Overrideprotected void onDestroy() {super.onDestroy();mHandlerThread.quit();mMainHandler.removeCallbacksAndMessages(null);}}
运行以上测试代码,将可以看到如下效果图 

** 官方源代码如下,是基于sdk23的,可以看到,只有一百多行代码而已**
public class HandlerThread extends Thread {int mPriority;int mTid = -1;Looper mLooper;public HandlerThread(String name) {super(name);mPriority = Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_DEFAULT;}public HandlerThread(String name, int priority) {super(name);mPriority = priority;}/*** Call back method that can be explicitly overridden if needed to execute some* setup before Looper loops.*/protected void onLooperPrepared() {}@Overridepublic void run() {mTid = Process.myTid();Looper.prepare();//持有锁机制来获得当前线程的Looper对象synchronized (this) {mLooper = Looper.myLooper();//发出通知,当前线程已经创建mLooper对象成功,这里主要是通知getLooper方法中的waitnotifyAll();}//设置线程的优先级别Process.setThreadPriority(mPriority);//这里默认是空方法的实现,我们可以重写这个方法来做一些线程开始之前的准备,方便扩展onLooperPrepared();Looper.loop();mTid = -1;}public Looper getLooper() {if (!isAlive()) {return null;}// 直到线程创建完Looper之后才能获得Looper对象,Looper未创建成功,阻塞synchronized (this) {while (isAlive() && mLooper == null) {try {wait();} catch (InterruptedException e) {}}}return mLooper;}public boolean quit() {Looper looper = getLooper();if (looper != null) {looper.quit();return true;}return false;}public boolean quitSafely() {Looper looper = getLooper();if (looper != null) {looper.quitSafely();return true;}return false;}/*** Returns the identifier of this thread. See Process.myTid().*/public int getThreadId() {return mTid;}}
public HandlerThread(String name) {super(name);mPriority = Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_DEFAULT;}public HandlerThread(String name, int priority) {super(name);mPriority = priority;}
有两个构造方法,一个参数的和两个参数的,name代表当前线程的名称,priority为线程的优先级别
public void run() {mTid = Process.myTid();Looper.prepare();//持有锁机制来获得当前线程的Looper对象synchronized (this) {mLooper = Looper.myLooper();//发出通知,当前线程已经创建mLooper对象成功,这里主要是通知getLooper方法中的waitnotifyAll();}//设置线程的优先级别Process.setThreadPriority(mPriority);//这里默认是空方法的实现,我们可以重写这个方法来做一些线程开始之前的准备,方便扩展onLooperPrepared();Looper.loop();mTid = -1;}
mHandlerThread.start();mThreadHandler = new Handler(mHandlerThread.getLooper()) {@Overridepublic void handleMessage(Message msg) {checkForUpdate();if(isUpdate){mThreadHandler.sendEmptyMessage(MSG_UPDATE_INFO);}}};
public Looper getLooper() {if (!isAlive()) {return null;}// 直到线程创建完Looper之后才能获得Looper对象,Looper未创建成功,阻塞synchronized (this) {while (isAlive() && mLooper == null) {try {wait();} catch (InterruptedException e) {}}}return mLooper;}
总结:在获得mLooper对象的时候存在一个同步的问题,只有当线程创建成功并且Looper对象也创建成功之后才能获得mLooper的值。这里等待方法wait和run方法中的notifyAll方法共同完成同步问题。
//调用这个方法退出Looper消息循环,及退出线程public boolean quit() {Looper looper = getLooper();if (looper != null) {looper.quit();return true;}return false;}//调用这个方法安全地退出线程@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2)public boolean quitSafely() {Looper looper = getLooper();if (looper != null) {looper.quitSafely();return true;}return false;}
跟踪这两个方法容易知道只两个方法最终都会调用MessageQueue的queue(boolean safe)方法
void quit(boolean safe) {if (!mQuitAllowed) {throw new IllegalStateException("Main thread not allowed to quit.");}synchronized (this) {if (mQuitting) {return;}mQuitting = true;//安全退出调用这个方法if (safe) {removeAllFutureMessagesLocked();} else {//不安全退出调用这个方法removeAllMessagesLocked();}// We can assume mPtr != 0 because mQuitting was previously false.nativeWake(mPtr);}}
不安全的会调用removeAllMessagesLocked();这个方法,我们来看这个方法是怎样处理的,其实就是遍历Message链表,移除所有信息的回调,并重置为null
private void removeAllMessagesLocked() {Message p = mMessages;while (p != null) {Message n = p.next;p.recycleUnchecked();p = n;}mMessages = null;}
安全地会调用removeAllFutureMessagesLocked();这个方法,它会根据Message.when这个属性,判断我们当前消息队列是否正在处理消息,没有正在处理消息的话,直接移除所有回调,正在处理的话,等待该消息处理处理完毕再退出该循环。因此说quitSafe()是安全的,而quit()方法是不安全的,因为quit方法不管是否正在处理消息,直接移除所有回调。
private void removeAllFutureMessagesLocked() {final long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();Message p = mMessages;if (p != null) {//判断当前队列中的消息是否正在处理这个消息,》没有的话,直接移除所有回调if (p.when > now) {removeAllMessagesLocked();} else {//正在处理的话,等待该消息处理处理完毕再退出该循环Message n;for (;;) {n = p.next;if (n == null) {return;}if (n.when > now) {break;}p = n;}p.next = null;do {p = n;n = p.next;p.recycleUnchecked();} while (n != null);}}}
最近在准备校招,比较忙,不过个人整理了一些常见的算法题目,有空的话我会把它分享出来,一起加油,Come on!
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