Android 测试学习笔记（四）

Android 持续集成 TDD CI

---

认识持续集成

使用 Gradle 手动构建 Android App.

./gradlew

Target	Description
build	Assembles and tests this project
clean	Deletes the build directory
tasks	Displays the tasks runnable from root project x (some of the displayed tasks may belong to subprojects)
installDebug	Installs the Debug build
installDebugTest	Installs the Test build for the Debug build
connectedAndroidTest	Installs and runs the tests for Build debug on connected devices
uninstallDebug	Uninstalls the Debug build

创建本地 git 仓库

$ mkdir AndroidApplicationTestingGuide
$ cd AndroidApplicationTestingGuide
$ git init
$ cp -a <path/to/original>/AndroidApplicationTestingGuide/
$ gradlew clean
$ rm local.properties
$ git add .
$ git commit -m "Initial commit"

• 文件 local.properties 必须没有被签出（包含特定本地信息）过。

和 Jenkins 集成

• 相关信息
  
  • $ java -jar ~/jenkins/jenkins-1.592.war
  • http://localhost:8080
  • Git plugin, Gradle plugin, JUnit plugin, and Android Emulator plugin

示例

• 持续集成之路 —— Stockeye CalendarStock 库开发实录(示例1)
• 持续集成之路 —— NotificationStockQuote 开发实录（示例2）

BDD

认知

• Given: This is to describe the initial state before an external stimuli is received.
• When: This is to describe the key action the user performs.
• Then: This is to analyze the results of the actions. To be observable, the actions performed should have some kind of outcome.

使用 FitNesse

• $ java -jar fitnesse.jar -p 8900
• http://localhost:8900/FrontPage
• FitNesse 支持以下两种不同的测试系统 :
  
  • fit: This is the older of the two methods and uses HTML, parsed just prior to the fixture being called
  • slim: This is newer; all the table processing is done inside FitNesse within slim runners
    

示例

• 创建 TemperatureConverterTests subwiki

  • 在首页中点击 " Edit " 按钮，添加如下内容后保存
    | '''My Tests''' |
    | TemperatureConverterTests | ''Temperature Converter Tests'' |
  • 为 subwiki 添加子页，点击 " Add " 按钮，选择 " Test "
    命名: TemperatureConverterCelsiusToFahrenheitFixture
    

    Static: This is a normal Wiki page
    Suite: This is a page containing other tests composing a suite
    Test: This is a page that contains tests

  • Adding the acceptance test fixture
    选择刚才添加的子页，点击 " Edit " 按钮，替换 为如下内容
    !contents
    !|TemperatureConverterCelsiusToFahrenheitFixture |
    |celsius |fahrenheit? |
    |0.0 |~= 32 |
    |100.0 |212.0 |
    |-1.0 |30.2 |
    |-100.0 |-148.0 |
    |32.0 |89.6 |
    |-40.0 |-40.0 |
    |-273.0 |~= -459.4 |
    |-273 |~= -459.4 |
    |-273 |~= -459 |
    |-273 |~= -459.40000000000003 |
    |-273 |-459.40000000000003 |
    |-273 |-459.41 < _ < -459.40 |
    |-274.0 |Invalid temperature: -274.00C below absolute zero |
  • 设置变量 TEST_SYSTEM 为 !define TEST_SYSTEM {slim}
  • 添加测试
    创建包 com.blundell.tut.fitnesse.fixture
    创建类 TemperatureConverterCelsiusToFahrenheitFixture

  public class TemperatureConverterCelsiusToFahrenheitFixture {
      private double celsius;
      public void setCelsius(double celsius) {
          this.celsius = celsius;
      }
      public String fahrenheit() throws Exception {
          try {
              double fahrenheit = TemperatureConverter.celsiusToFahrenheit(celsius);
              return String.valueOf(fahrenheit);
          } catch (RuntimeException e) {
              return e.getLocalizedMessage();
          }
      }
  }

  • 在子页添加测试内容
    |import|
    |com.blundell.tut.fitnesse.fixture|
    !path
    /Users/blundell/AndroidApplicationTestingGuide/core/build/classes/test
    !path
    /Users/blundell/AndroidApplicationTestingGuide/core/build/classes/main

使用 GivWenZen

• GivWhenZen 已包含所有依赖，包括 FitNesse
• 下载解压进入该目录后运行: $ java -jar /lib/fitnesse.jar -p 8900
• 示范例子: http://localhost:8900/GivWenZenTests
• testCompile 'com.github.bernerbits:givwenzen:1.0.6.1'

• 示例

  • 在 SetUp 子页中添加如下内容
    !define TEST_SYSTEM {slim}
    !path ./target/classes
    !path ./target/examples
    !path ./lib/clover-2.6.1.jar
    !path ./lib/commons-logging.jar
    !path ./lib/commons-vfs-1.0.jar
    !path ./lib/dom4j-1.6.1.jar
    !path ./lib/fitnesse.jar
    !path ./lib/guava-18.0.jar
    !path ./lib/javassist.jar
    !path ./lib/log4j-1.2.9.jar
    !path ./lib/slf4j-simple-1.5.6.jar
    !path ./lib/slf4j-api-1.5.6.jar
    !path ./givwenzen-20150106.jar
    !path
    /Users/blundell/AndroidApplicationTestingGuide/core/build/classes/test
    !path
    /Users/blundell/AndroidApplicationTestingGuide/core/build/classes/main
  • 在 test 子页中添加如下内容
    |import|
    |org.givwenzen|
    -|script|
    |start|giv wen zen for slim|
    -|script|
    |given |I'm using the !-TemperatureConverter-! |
    |when |I enter 100 into the Celsius field |
    |then |I obtain 212 in the Fahrenheit field |
  • 添加 DomainStep，否则点击 " Test " 后报
    __EXCEPTION__:org.givwenzen.DomainStepNotFoundException:

  package bdd.steps.tc;
  import com.blundell.tut.TemperatureConverter;
  import org.givwenzen.annotations.DomainStep;
  import org.givwenzen.annotations.DomainSteps;
  @DomainSteps
  public class TemperatureConverterSteps {
      private static final String CELSIUS = "Celsius";
      private static final String FAHRENHEIT = "Fahrenheit";
      private static final String UNIT_NAME = "(" + CELSIUS + "|" + FAHRENHEIT + ")";
      private static final String ANY_TEMPERATURE = "([-+]?\\d+(?:\\.\\d+)?)";
      private double inputTemperature = Double.NaN;
      @DomainStep("I(?: a|')m using the TemperatureConverter")
      public void createTemperatureConverter() {
          // do nothing
      }
      @DomainStep("I enter " + ANY_TEMPERATURE + " into the " + UNIT_NAME + " field")
      public void setField(double inputTemperature, String unitName) {
          this.inputTemperature = inputTemperature;
      }
      @DomainStep("I obtain " + ANY_TEMPERATURE + " in the " + UNIT_NAME + " field")
      public boolean verifyConversion(double expectedTemperature, String unitName) {
          double outputTemperature = convertInputInto(unitName);
          return Math.abs(outputTemperature - expectedTemperature) < 0.01D;
      }
      private double convertInputInto(String unitName) {
          double convertedInputTemperature;
          if (CELSIUS.equals(unitName)) {
              convertedInputTemperature = getCelsius();
          } else if (FAHRENHEIT.equals(unitName)) {
              convertedInputTemperature = getFahrenheit();
          } else {
              throw new RuntimeException("Unknown conversion unit" + unitName);
          }
          return convertedInputTemperature;
      }
      private double getCelsius() {
          return TemperatureConverter.fahrenheitToCelsius(inputTemperature);
      }
      private double getFahrenheit() {
          return TemperatureConverter.celsiusToFahrenheit(inputTemperature);
      }
  }