@hainingwyx
2018-09-09T13:14:02.000000Z
字数 3371
阅读 1149
python
Python同时支持单继承与多继承,语法如下:
class SubClassName(ParentClass1 [, ParentClass2, ...]):
class_suite
子类将继承父类的属性,也可以使用内建函数insubclass()来判断一个类是不是另一个类的子孙类
class Parent(object):
'''
parent class
'''
numList = []
def numdiff(self, a, b):
return a-b
class Child(Parent):
pass
c = Child()
# subclass will inherit attributes from parent class
#子类继承父类的属性
Child.numList.extend(range(10))
print(Child.numList)
print("77 - 2 =", c.numdiff(77, 2))
# built-in function issubclass()
print(issubclass(Child, Parent))
print(issubclass(Child, object))
# __bases__ can show all the parent classes
#bases属性查看父类
print('the bases are:',Child.__bases__)
# doc string will not be inherited
#doc属性不会被继承
print(Parent.__doc__)
print(Child.__doc__)
输出结果:
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
77 - 2 = 75
True
True
the bases are: (<class '__main__.Parent'>,)
parent class
None
__init__
继承子类没有定义自己的初始化函数,父类的初始化函数会被默认调用
#定义父类:Parent
class Parent(object):
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
print("create an instance of:", self.__class__.__name__)
print("name attribute is:", self.name)
#定义子类Child ,继承父类Parent
class Child(Parent):
pass
#子类实例化时,由于子类没有初始化,此时父类的初始化函数就会默认被调用
#且必须传入父类的参数name
c = Child("init Child")
输出结果:
create an instance of: Child
name attribute is: init Child
子类定义了自己的初始化函数,而在子类中没有显示调用父类的初始化函数,则父类的属性不会被初始化
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
print("create an instance of:", self.__class__.__name__)
print("name attribute is:", self.name)
#子类继承父类
class Child(Parent):
#子类中没有显示调用父类的初始化函数
def __init__(self):
print("call __init__ from Child class")
#c = Child("init Child")
#print()
#将子类实例化
c = Child()
print(c.name)
输出结果:
call __init__ from Child class
Traceback (most recent call last):
...此处省略若干
AttributeError: 'Child' object has no attribute 'name'
如果子类定义了自己的初始化函数,显示调用父类,子类和父类的属性都会被初始化
class Parent(object):
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
print("create an instance of:", self.__class__.__name__)
print("name attribute is:", self.name)
class Child(Parent):
def __init__(self):
print("call __init__ from Child class")
super(Child,self).__init__("data from Child") #要将子类Child和self传递进去
#c = Child("init Child")
#print()
d = Parent('tom')
c = Child()
print(c.name)
输出结果:
#实例化父类Parent的结果
create an instance of: Parent
name attribute is: tom
#实例化子类Child的结果
call __init__ from Child class
#super首先会先使得父类初始化的参数进行实例化
create an instance of: Child
name attribute is: data from Child
data from Child
super主要来调用父类方法来显示调用父类,在子类中,一般会定义与父类相同的属性(数据属性,方法),从而来实现子类特有的行为。也就是说,子类会继承父类的所有的属性和方法,子类也可以覆盖父类同名的属性和方法。
class Parent(object):
Value = "Hi, Parent value"
def fun(self):
print("This is from Parent")
#定义子类,继承父类
class Child(Parent):
Value = "Hi, Child value"
def ffun(self):
print("This is from Child")
c = Child()
c.fun()
c.ffun()
print(Child.Value)
输出结果:
This is from Parent
This is from Child
Hi, Child value
可通过父类名直接访问父类的属性,需要将”self”显示传递:
class Parent(object):
Value = "Hi, Parent value"
def fun(self):
print("This is from Parent")
class Child(Parent):
Value = "Hi, Child value"
def fun(self):
print("This is from Child")
Parent.fun(self) #调用父类Parent的fun函数方法
c = Child()
c.fun()
输出结果:
This is from Child
This is from Parent #实例化子类Child的fun函数时,首先会打印上条的语句,再次调用父类的fun函数方法
为了避免父类名硬编码到子类中:
class Parent(object):
Value = "Hi, Parent value"
def fun(self):
print("This is from Parent")
class Child(Parent):
Value = "Hi, Child value"
def fun(self):
print("This is from Child")
#Parent.fun(self)
super(Child,self).fun() #相当于用super的方法与上一调用父类的语句置换
c = Child()
c.fun()
输出结果:
This is from Child
This is from Parent #实例化子类Child的fun函数时,首先会打印上条的语句,再次调用父类的fun函数方法
https://blog.csdn.net/brucewong0516/article/details/79121179