Oracle 12cR2 SI ASM UDEV方式静默搭建（RHEL 7.6）

2级类 RHEL7.6 ASM

AskScuti ：搭建类 2-0-4 Oracle 12cR2 单实例ASM采用UDEV方式图形化搭建（补丁）

你需要知道的

• 文章浏览时，你可以点击右上角图标 文章目录进行标题内容切换
• 你需具备熟练使用Linux操作系统命令的技能
• 如果Linux操作系统的安装对您来说操作困难，请先移至 0级搭建类
• 如果在Linux操作系统上安装Oracle（图形、静默）对您来说操作困难，请先移至 1级搭建类
• 本级别（2级）搭建类将是您未来面对集群RAC（Real Application Cluster）环境的基础
• Oracle 12cR2 在 RHEL 7.6 上安装 ASM 需要对应内核支持，可通过 GI PSU 补丁解决
• 通过官方 MOS 获取最新补丁程序 2019.10.15（Patch 30116802: GI OCT 2019 RELEASE UPDATE 12.2.0.1.191015）
• 通过官方 MOS 获取最新OPatch工具 OPatch 12.2.0.1.18 for DB 12.x, 18.x and 19.x releases (Oct 2019)
• 以下为实验存储环境，供参考

1 操作系统安装

• 请参考 014 RHEL 7.6 安装

2 环境配置

2.1 磁盘分区及格式化

• 最终磁盘分区格式呈现如下

  [root@henry ~]# ls /dev/sd*1 |grep -v sda1
  /dev/sdb1
  /dev/sdc1
  /dev/sdd1
  /dev/sde1
  /dev/sdf1
  /dev/sdg1
  /dev/sdh1
  /dev/sdi1
  /dev/sdj1
  

• 格式化分区并创建文件系统（仅 /dev/sdb1 和 /dev/sdc1），其他分区用于ASM存储

  [root@henry ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
  [root@henry ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdc1
  [root@henry ~]# mkdir /u01
  [root@henry ~]# mkdir /soft
  [root@henry ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /u01/
  [root@henry ~]# mount /dev/sdc1 /soft/
  [root@henry ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1
  /dev/sdb1: UUID="1d68c26e-1539-49cc-9be7-c370b18bd00d" TYPE="xfs" 
  [root@henry ~]# blkid /dev/sdc1
  /dev/sdc1: UUID="1b54c98d-011c-4511-ae01-36ccc82462e4" TYPE="xfs"
  [root@henry ~]# vim /etc/fstab
  /*** 编辑文件，添加以下行
  UUID=1d68c26e-1539-49cc-9be7-c370b18bd00d /u01  xfs defaults 0 0
  UUID=1b54c98d-011c-4511-ae01-36ccc82462e4 /soft  xfs defaults 0 0
  ***/
  [root@henry ~]# mount -a
  [root@henry ~]# df -Th
  

2.2 主机环境设置

• 主机名及IP

  [root@henry ~]# echo "192.168.1.9 henry" >> /etc/hosts
  

• 用户和组

  /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
  /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54322 dba
  /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54323 oper
  /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54324 asmadmin
  /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54325 asmoper
  /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54326 asmdba
  /usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle
  /usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,oper,dba grid
  passwd oracle --> Changing password for user oracle.
  passwd grid --> Changing password for user grid.
  

• 创建文件夹及授权

  mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
  mkdir -p /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid
  mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1
  mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
  chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
  chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/grid
  chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/12.2.0.1
  chmod -R 775 /u01/
  

• RPM包安装

  mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /tmp/
  echo "[local_yum]" >> /etc/yum.repos.d/henry.repo
  echo "name = henry_repo" >> /etc/yum.repos.d/henry.repo
  echo "baseurl = file:///mnt/" >> /etc/yum.repos.d/henry.repo
  echo "enabled = 1" >> /etc/yum.repos.d/henry.repo
  echo "gpgcheck = 0" >> /etc/yum.repos.d/henry.repo
  mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
  
  yum -y install autoconf
  yum -y install automake
  yum -y install binutils
  yum -y install binutils-devel
  yum -y install bison
  yum -y install cpp
  yum -y install dos2unix
  yum -y install ftp
  yum -y install gcc
  yum -y install gcc-c++
  yum -y install lrzsz
  yum -y install python-devel
  yum -y install compat-libcap1
  yum -y install compat-libstdc++-33
  yum -y install compat-libstdc++-33.i686
  yum -y install glibc-*
  yum -y install glibc-*.i686
  yum -y install libXpm-*.i686
  yum -y install libXext
  yum -y install libXext.i686
  yum -y install libXtst
  yum -y install libXtst.i686
  yum -y install libX11
  yum -y install libX11.i686
  yum -y install libXau
  yum -y install libXau.i686
  yum -y install libxcb
  yum -y install libxcb.i686
  yum -y install libXi
  yum -y install libXi.i686
  yum -y install libstdc++.i686
  yum -y install libstdc++-devel
  yum -y install libstdc++-devel.i686
  yum -y install libaio
  yum -y install libaio.i686
  yum -y install libaio-devel
  yum -y install libaio-devel.i686
  yum -y install ksh
  yum -y install libXp
  yum -y install libaio-devel
  yum -y install numactl
  yum -y install numactl-devel
  yum -y install make -y
  yum -y install sysstat -y
  yum -y install unixODBC
  yum -y install unixODBC-devel
  yum -y install elfutils-libelf-devel
  yum -y install redhat-lsb-core
  yum -y install unzip
  yum -y install libXrender
  yum -y install libXrender-devel
  yum -y install nfs-utils
  yum -y install smartmontools
  yum -y install tigervnc
  

• 资源限制

编辑文件 /etc/security/limits.conf 添加以下行

    grid soft nproc 2047
    grid hard nproc 16384
    grid soft nofile 1024
    grid hard nofile 65536
    grid soft stack 10240
    grid hard stack 32768
    oracle soft nproc 2047
    oracle hard nproc 16384
    oracle soft nofile 1024
    oracle hard nofile 65536
    oracle soft stack 10240
    oracle hard stack 32768

• 内核参数

编辑文件 /etc/sysctl.conf 添加以下行

    fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
    fs.file-max = 6815744
    kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
    net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
    net.core.rmem_default = 262144
    net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
    net.core.wmem_default = 262144
    net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
    kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
    kernel.shmmax = 3865470566
    kernel.shmall = 943718
    kernel.shmmni = 4096

    执行 `sysctl -p` 生效

• SHELL限制

  echo "session required pam_limits.so" >> /etc/pam.d/login
  

• 关闭防火墙

  systemctl status firewalld.service
  systemctl stop firewalld.service
  systemctl disable firewalld.service
  

• 关闭SELinux

  vim /etc/selinux/config
  SELINUX=disabled
  

• Oracle用户环境变量
  切换至 Oracle 用户，编辑 .bash_profile

  [root@henry ~]# su - oracle
  [oracle@henry ~]$ vim .bash_profile
  
  # 添加以下行
  
  PS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$'
  export PS1
  export TMP=/tmp
  export TMPDIR=$TMP
  
  ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
  ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0.1/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
  
  ORACLE_SID=SIASMCDB; export ORACLE_SID
  ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
  NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
  NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;export NLS_LANG
  PATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin; export PATH
  THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
  if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
  if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
  ulimit -p 16384
  ulimit -n 65536
  else
  ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
  fi
  umask 022
  fi
  

• Grid用户环境变量
  切换至 Grid 用户，编辑 .bash_profile

  [root@henry ~]# su - grid
  [grid@henry ~]$ vim .bash_profile 
  
  添加以下行
  
  PS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$'
  export PS1
  umask 022
  export TMP=/tmp
  export TMPDIR=$TMP
  
  ORACLE_SID=+ASM; export ORACLE_SID
  ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
  ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid; export ORACLE_BASE
  ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid; export ORACLE_HOME
  NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
  PATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin; export PATH
  
  THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
  if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
  if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
  ulimit -p 16384
  ulimit -n 65536
  else
  ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
  fi
  umask 022
  fi
  

3 ASM 磁盘配置

3.1 设置受信任白名单

编辑文件 /etc/scsi_id 添加选项 options=-g，如果没有那么创建它。

    [root@henry ~]# echo "options=-g" > /etc/scsi_id.config

3.2 确认SCSI标识符

通过命令 /usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d 分区名 确认标识符，最终对应关系如下

3.3 编辑UDEV规则文件

• 创建文件 vim /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules，按以下格式编辑条目，替换 RESULT 对应的SCSI标识符

KERNEL=="sd?1", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/$parent", RESULT=="36000c29e076a000862d076f7a78e49fa", SYMLINK+="oracleasm/asm-ocr1", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd?1", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/$parent", RESULT=="36000c291247d41ae0b6e4de1010a804e", SYMLINK+="oracleasm/asm-ocr2", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd?1", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/$parent", RESULT=="36000c2988874adeef1f38ace210f5880", SYMLINK+="oracleasm/asm-ocr3", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd?1", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/$parent", RESULT=="36000c291e32472781a955708abf73555", SYMLINK+="oracleasm/asm-data1", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd?1", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/$parent", RESULT=="36000c29ba3f4122dc84d6da542853dbb", SYMLINK+="oracleasm/asm-data2", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd?1", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/$parent", RESULT=="36000c29ed0661d93abe1b463b8d98223", SYMLINK+="oracleasm/asm-archived1", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd?1", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/$parent", RESULT=="36000c29670666047c13b65aace55e38c", SYMLINK+="oracleasm/asm-archived2", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"

• 执行 partprobe 识别

  /sbin/partprobe /dev/sdd1
  /sbin/partprobe /dev/sde1
  /sbin/partprobe /dev/sdf1
  /sbin/partprobe /dev/sdg1
  /sbin/partprobe /dev/sdh1
  /sbin/partprobe /dev/sdi1
  /sbin/partprobe /dev/sdj1
  

• 重启UDEV服务

  udevadm control --reload-rules
  

• 查看磁盘

  请确保所有链接磁盘均可见，并具有对应的正确权限，否则，在进行下一步之前请解决该问题。
  
  [root@henry ~]# ls -lathr /dev/oracleasm/*
  lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 18 23:09 /dev/oracleasm/asm-ocr1 -> ../sdd1
  lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 18 23:09 /dev/oracleasm/asm-ocr2 -> ../sde1
  lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 18 23:09 /dev/oracleasm/asm-ocr3 -> ../sdf1
  lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 18 23:09 /dev/oracleasm/asm-data1 -> ../sdg1
  lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 18 23:09 /dev/oracleasm/asm-data2 -> ../sdh1
  lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 18 23:09 /dev/oracleasm/asm-archived1 -> ../sdi1
  lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 18 23:09 /dev/oracleasm/asm-archived2 -> ../sdj1
  
  上面链接归 root 用户所有，但是链接所指向的磁盘是拥有正确权限的。
  
  [root@henry ~]# ls -lathr /dev/sd*1 |grep -v sda1 |grep -v sdb1 |grep -v sdc1
  brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8,  49 Nov 18 23:09 /dev/sdd1
  brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8,  65 Nov 18 23:09 /dev/sde1
  brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8,  81 Nov 18 23:09 /dev/sdf1
  brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8,  97 Nov 18 23:09 /dev/sdg1
  brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 113 Nov 18 23:09 /dev/sdh1
  brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 129 Nov 18 23:09 /dev/sdi1
  brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 145 Nov 18 23:09 /dev/sdj1
  

---分割线---

20190921OCP 班的同学们，拿到环境后，从这里开始。环境已完成标题1至标题3的所有搭建，同时在 /soft 文件夹里包含OPatch工具及GI补丁。请按照以下步骤完成所有操作。你也可以选择从零开始，按照文档搭建新环境。

4 数据库软件安装

• 授权解压

  chown -R oracle:oinstall /soft
  chmod -R 775 /soft
  su - oracle
  cd /soft/
  unzip -q 12c-linuxx64_12201_database.zip
  

• 运行程序

  [oracle@henry ~]$ cd /soft/database/
  
  [oracle@henry database]$ ./runInstaller 
  

5 监听创建

• 执行命令 netca

6 GI 软件安装

6.1 解压GI软件

# 切换 grid 用户进行解压

[grid@henry ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
[grid@henry grid]$ unzip -q /soft/12c-linuxx64_12201_grid_home.zip 

# 查看当前默认 OPatch 版本

[grid@henry grid]$ OPatch/opatch version
OPatch Version: 12.2.0.1.6

OPatch succeeded.

# 解压 OPatch 工具覆盖当前文件夹，提示输入：A

[grid@henry grid]$ unzip /soft/p6880880_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip 

Archive:  /soft/p6880880_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip
  inflating: OPatch/emdpatch.pl      
replace OPatch/oplan/oplan? [y]es, [n]o, [A]ll, [N]one, [r]ename: A

# 查看当前 OPatch 工具版本

[grid@henry grid]$ OPatch/opatch version
OPatch Version: 12.2.0.1.17

OPatch succeeded.

6.2 解压 GI 补丁

[grid@henry grid]$ cd /soft/

[grid@henry soft]$ unzip -q p29708720_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip

6.3 打补丁并运行程序

[grid@henry soft]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
[grid@henry grid]$ ./gridSetup.sh -applyPSU /soft/29708720/
Preparing the home to patch...
Applying the patch /soft/29708720/...
Successfully applied the patch.
The log can be found at: /u01/app/oraInventory/logs/GridSetupActions2019-11-19_02-07-56PM/installerPatchActions_2019-11-19_02-07-56PM.log
Launching Oracle Grid Infrastructure Setup Wizard...

这里有两个警告：物理内存建议8G/集群验证包。你可选择忽略警告，因为是单实例，它们不会阻止后面的安装操作。为保证完整性，你也可以选择安装集群验证包，12cR2 版本中，你可以在 oracle 数据库解压目录中找到它 /soft/database/rpm；也可以在 oracle 家目录中找到它 /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/cv/rpm

# 切换 root 进行安装

[grid@henry ~]$ su - root
[root@henry rpm]# rpm -ivh cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpm 
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1                ################################# [100%]

# 点击 Check Again

脚本执行成功后，点击 OK 继续安装，如果报以下错误，说明没有对GI进行补丁。

# 错误消息示例片段
2019/07/09 23:45:46 CLSRSC-330: Adding Clusterware entries to file 'oracle-ohasd.service'
2019/07/09 23:48:02 CLSRSC-400: A system reboot is required to continue installing.
The command '/u01/app/12.2.0/grid/perl/bin/perl -I/u01/app/12.2.0/grid/perl/lib -I/u01/app/12.2.0/grid/crs/install /u01/app/12.2.0/grid/crs/install/roothas.pl ' execution failed

# 查看集群组件状态

[grid@henry:/home/grid]$crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name           Target  State        Server                   State details       
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
               ONLINE  ONLINE       henry                    STABLE
ora.OCR.dg
               ONLINE  ONLINE       henry                    STABLE
ora.asm
               ONLINE  ONLINE       henry                    Started,STABLE
ora.ons
               OFFLINE OFFLINE      henry                    STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.cssd
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       henry                    STABLE
ora.diskmon
      1        OFFLINE OFFLINE                               STABLE
ora.driver.afd
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       henry                    STABLE
ora.evmd
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       henry                    STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# 查看 ASM 实例监听

[grid@henry:/home/grid]$lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 19-NOV-2019 15:00:57

Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=henry)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                19-NOV-2019 14:51:16
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 9 min. 40 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/henry/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=henry)(PORT=1522)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1522)))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "+ASM", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "+ASM_OCR" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "+ASM", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

7 ASM 磁盘组创建

7.1 ASMCA 工具创建

• 执行命令 asmca

路径不对无法映射？看下后面第 10 小节的 错误处理

7.2 ASMCA 静默创建

asmca -silent -createDiskGroup \
-diskGroupName ARCHIVED \
-disk '/dev/oracleasm/asm-archived1' \
-disk '/dev/oracleasm/asm-archived2' \
-redundancy NORMAL \
-au_size 4 \
-compatible.asm '12.2.0.1.0' \
-compatible.rdbms '12.2.0.1.0' \
-compatible.advm '12.2.0.1.0'

7.3 SQL 语句创建

• 略 具体可参考 18c 或 19c 搭建文档

8 数据库创建

• 执行命令 dbca

9 操作验证

9.1 登录 RDBMS 实例

[root@henry ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@henry:/home/oracle]$sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> select name from v$datafile where con_id=1;

NAME
------------------------------------------------
+DATA/SIASMCDB/DATAFILE/system.256.1024763769
+DATA/SIASMCDB/DATAFILE/sysaux.257.1024763839
+DATA/SIASMCDB/DATAFILE/undotbs1.258.1024763875
+DATA/SIASMCDB/DATAFILE/users.259.1024763875

9.2 登录 ASM 实例

[root@henry ~]# su - grid
[grid@henry:/home/grid]$sqlplus / as sysasm

set linesize 200
col name for a10
col failgroup for a10
col path for a50
col group_number for 99
col disk_number for 99

SQL> select group_number,name,type,total_mb,free_mb,usable_file_mb from v$asm_diskgroup;

GROUP_NUMBER NAME       TYPE     TOTAL_MB    FREE_MB USABLE_FILE_MB
------------ ---------- ------ ---------- ---------- --------------
       1     OCR        NORMAL       3060       2772            876
       2     DATA       NORMAL      20472      13096           6548
       3     ARCHIVED   NORMAL      10232      10056           5028

9.3 关闭 ASM 实例及 RDBMS 实例

• 关闭：先关闭RDBMS实例，再关闭ASM实例

  # RDBMS 实例
  SQL> shutdown immediate;
  
  # ASM 实例
  SQL> shutdown immediate;
  
  # 直接关闭ASM将报错
  ORA-15097: cannot SHUTDOWN ASM instance with connected client (process 9480)
  

• 开启：先开启ASM实例，再开启RDBMS实例

  # ASM 实例
  SQL> startup
  
  # RDBMS 实例
  SQL> startup
  
  # 直接启动RDBMS实例将报错
  ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
  LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/dbs/initSIASMCDB.ora'
  

10 错误处理

创建 ASM 磁盘报错

• 现象：图形化/静默/SQL创建磁盘组报错，例如

• 原因：asm_diskstring 参数默认值指向问题

  [grid@henry:/home/grid]$sqlplus / as sysasm
  
  SQL> show parameter asm_diskst
  
  NAME                TYPE        VALUE
  ------------------- ----------- -------------
  asm_diskstring      string      AFD:*
  

• 方案

  # 创建静态参数文件
  
  sqlplus / as sysasm
  SQL> create pfile from spfile;
  
  File created.
  
  exit;
  
  # 编辑静态参数文件
  
  cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
  
  vim init+ASM.ora
  
  # 修改和添加以下行
  
  *.asm_diskstring='/dev/oracleasm/*'
  
  asm_diskgroups='OCR'
  
  # 以静态参数文件启动实例
  
  sqlplus / as sysasm
  SQL> shutdown immediate;
  ASM diskgroups volume disabled
  ASM diskgroups dismounted
  ASM instance shutdown
  
  SQL> startup pfile='/u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/dbs/init+ASM.ora';
  ASM instance started
  
  Total System Global Area 1140850688 bytes
  Fixed Size          8629704 bytes
  Variable Size        1107055160 bytes
  ASM Cache          25165824 bytes
  ASM diskgroups mounted
  ASM diskgroups volume enabled
  
  # 以当前内存数据创建动态参数文件
  
  SQL> create spfile from memory;
  
  File created.
  
  # 重启ASM实例加载动态参数文件 
  
  SQL> startup force;
  ASM instance started
  
  Total System Global Area 1140850688 bytes
  Fixed Size          8629704 bytes
  Variable Size        1107055160 bytes
  ASM Cache          25165824 bytes
  ASM diskgroups mounted
  ASM diskgroups volume enabled
  
  SQL> show parameter spfile
  
  NAME        TYPE        VALUE
  ----------- ----------- -----------------------------------------
  spfile      string      /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/dbs/spfile+ASM.ora