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@daduizhang 2021-03-24T02:07:52.000000Z 字数 10609 阅读 1205

vagrant

Linux

vagrant 虚拟开发环境，和线上环境保持一致，已预装git, vim, python, go, docker, mysql 等, 并完成以下配置：

开箱即用，轻松避免开发环境和生产环境不一致的问题。
使用vagrant的好处：
- 业界流行的开发方式
- 避免折腾环境问题，提升开发效率
- 用windows和mac的用户可以在享受原生系统的易用性的同时，享受使用linux的快感。
- 占用资源少，和原生linux速度相当
- 与host系统隔离，vm被搞坏了可以随时删掉重建，还可以创建多个虚拟环境。系统崩了，不用担心重要文件丢失。
- 方便本地调试，端口无限制，软件安装无需申请权限
- 避免在一台机器上测试通过，在另一台机器上无法通过的问题

使用方式

  1. 到“钉钉-企业文件-常用软件”中相应的 virtualbox，vagrant并安装
  2. 创建 ubuntu-16.04 环境目录
  3. 到“钉钉-企业文件-常用软件” 中下载 ubuntu-16.04.box
  4. 执行命令
  1. vagrant box add ubuntu-16.04 ./ubuntu-16.04.box
  2. vagrant init ubuntu-16.04

此时会在目录下生成配置文件 Vagrantfile，修改以下配置：

  1. # 添加私有IP，和host机通信
  2. config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
  3. # 映射文件夹，可自行修改
  4. config.vm.synced_folder "../workspace", "/home/vagrant/workspace"
  5. config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
  6.   # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
  7.   vb.gui = false
  8.   # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
  9.   vb.memory = "2048"
  10.   vb.cpus = "2"
  11.   vb.customize [ "modifyvm", :id, "--uartmode1", "disconnected" ]
  12. end

继续执行以下命令即可

  1. vagrant up # 启动虚拟机
  2. vagrant ssh # ssh到虚拟机
  3. vagrant halt  # 关闭虚拟机，通常情况下，无需关闭

详细使用方法可参考 https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000008729625 。

----------------------------------

用户可运行以下 Vagrantfile 自行编译生成 ubuntu-16.04-v1.0.0.box

  1. # -*- mode: ruby -*-
  2. # vi: set ft=ruby :
  4. # All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
  5. # configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
  6. # backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
  7. # you're doing.
  8. Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  9.   # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
  10.   # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
  11.   # https://docs.vagrantup.com.
  13.   # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
  14.   # boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
  15.   config.vm.box = "ubuntu/xenial64"
  16.   config.vm.hostname = "shannonai.local"
  18.   # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
  19.   # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
  20.   # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
  21.   config.vm.box_check_update = false
  23.   # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  24.   # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
  25.   # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
  26.   # NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
  27.   # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
  29.   # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  30.   # within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
  31.   # via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
  32.   # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"
  34.   # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
  35.   # using a specific IP.
  36.   config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
  38.   # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
  39.   # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
  40.   # your network.
  41.   # config.vm.network "public_network"
  43.   # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
  44.   # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
  45.   # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
  46.   # argument is a set of non-required options.
  47.   config.vm.synced_folder "/Users/shibo/shannon_workspace", "/home/vagrant/workspace"
  49.   # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
  50.   # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
  51.   # Example for VirtualBox:
  52.   #
  53.   config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
  54.     # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
  55.     vb.gui = false
  56.     # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
  57.     vb.memory = "2048"
  58.   end
  59.   #
  60.   # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
  61.   # information on available options.
  63.   # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
  64.   # Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
  65.   # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
  66.   config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
  67.     set -ex
  68.     export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
  69.     USER_HOME=/home/vagrant
  70.     CONDA_HOME=$USER_HOME/software/conda
  71.     GO_HOME=$USER_HOME/software
  72.     PYTHON_VERSION=3.6.6
  73.     # use aliyun source
  74.     echo 'deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse' > /etc/apt/sources.list
  75.     echo 'deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse' >> /etc/apt/sources.list
  76.     echo 'deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse' >> /etc/apt/sources.list
  77.     echo 'deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse' >> /etc/apt/sources.list
  78.     echo 'deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse' >> /etc/apt/sources.list
  79.     echo 'deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse' >> /etc/apt/sources.list
  80.     echo 'deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse' >> /etc/apt/sources.list
  81.     echo 'deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse' >> /etc/apt/sources.list
  82.     echo 'deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse' >> /etc/apt/sources.list
  84.     # install package
  85.     apt-get -yqq update
  86.     # install mysql and allow remote access, default password of root user is 123123
  87.     echo "mysql-server mysql-server/root_password password 123123" | debconf-set-selections
  88.     echo "mysql-server mysql-server/root_password_again password 123123" | debconf-set-selections
  89.     apt-get install -yqq --no-install-recommends mysql-server mysql-client
  90.     sed -i 's/^bind-address/# bind-address/' /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
  91.     mysql -u root -p123123 -e "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123123' WITH GRANT OPTION; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;"
  92.     sed -i '31i collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci' /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
  93.     sed -i '32i character-set-server = utf8' /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
  94.     sed -i '33i skip-character-set-client-handshake' /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
  96.     systemctl restart mysql
  97.     # install common packages
  98.     apt-get install -yqq --no-install-recommends gcc build-essential apt-utils rsync netcat procps libssl-dev
  99.     apt-get install -yqq --no-install-recommends vim htop git tree pv libmysqlclient-dev language-pack-zh-hans ack-grep curl
  100.     # set git
  101.     git config --system push.default simple
  102.     git config --system alias.co checkout
  103.     git config --system alias.br branch
  104.     git config --system alias.ci commit
  105.     git config --system alias.st status
  106.     git config --system core.editor "vim"
  107.     git config --system alias.unstage 'reset HEAD --'
  108.     git config --system alias.lg 'log --graph --abbrev-commit --decorate --format=format:"%C(cyan)%h%C(reset) - %C(white)%s%C(reset) %C(yellow)%d%C(reset) %C(dim white) - %anC(reset) %C(dim green)(%c    i)%C(reset)" --all'
  109.     # set locales
  110.     grep -q -F 'LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8' /etc/environment ||  echo 'LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8' >> /etc/environment
  111.     grep -q -F 'LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8' /etc/environment ||  echo 'LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8' >> /etc/environment
  112.     grep -q -F 'LANGUAGE=zh_CN.UTF-8' /etc/environment ||  echo 'LANGUAGE=zh_CN.UTF-8' >> /etc/environment
  113.     # install golang
  114.     mkdir -p $GO_HOME
  115.     if [ ! -d $GO_HOME/go ]; then
  116.         curl -sSL -o /tmp/golang.tar.gz https://code.aliyun.com/k9kdqvbb/files/raw/master/go1.10.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz
  117.         tar -C $GO_HOME -xzf /tmp/golang.tar.gz
  118.     fi
  119.     grep -q -F "export GOROOT=$GO_HOME/go" $USER_HOME/.profile || echo "export GOROOT=$GO_HOME/go" >> $USER_HOME/.profile
  120.     grep -q -F 'export PATH=$GOROOT/bin:$PATH' $USER_HOME/.profile || echo 'export PATH=$GOROOT/bin:$PATH' >> $USER_HOME/.profile
  121.     grep -q -F "export GOPATH=~/workspace/go" $USER_HOME/.profile || echo "export GOPATH=~/workspace/go" >> $USER_HOME/.profile
  122.     grep -q -F 'export PATH=$GOPATH/bin:$PATH' $USER_HOME/.profile || echo 'export PATH=$GOPATH/bin:$PATH' >> $USER_HOME/.profile
  123.     chown -R vagrant: $GO_HOME
  124.     rm -rf /tmp/golang.tar.gz
  125.     # install conda
  126.     if [ ! -d $CONDA_HOME ]; then
  127.         curl -sS -o /tmp/conda.sh https://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
  128.         bash /tmp/conda.sh -b -p $CONDA_HOME
  129.         $CONDA_HOME/bin/conda install -yq python==$PYTHON_VERSION
  130.         rm -rf /tmp/conda.sh
  131.     fi
  132.     grep -q -F "export CONDA_HOME=$CONDA_HOME" $USER_HOME/.profile || echo "export CONDA_HOME=$CONDA_HOME" >> $USER_HOME/.profile
  133.     grep -q -F 'export PATH=$CONDA_HOME/bin:$PATH' $USER_HOME/.profile || echo 'export PATH=$CONDA_HOME/bin:$PATH' >> $USER_HOME/.profile
  134.     mkdir -p $USER_HOME/.pip
  135.     mkdir -p /root/.pip
  136.     echo '[global]' | tee $USER_HOME/.pip/pip.conf /root/.pip/pip.conf
  137.     echo 'trusted-host = mirrors.aliyun.com' | tee --append $USER_HOME/.pip/pip.conf /root/.pip/pip.conf
  138.     echo 'index-url = https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple' | tee --append $USER_HOME/.pip/pip.conf /root/.pip/pip.conf
  139.     chown -R vagrant: $USER_HOME/.pip
  140.     $CONDA_HOME/bin/pip install --no-cache-dir --default-timeout=120 ipython glances mycli tqdm pymysql mysqlclient fabric argparse pyyaml
  141.     chown -R vagrant: $CONDA_HOME
  142.     # install docker-ce
  143.     apt-get install -yqq --no-install-recommends apt-transport-https ca-certificates software-properties-common
  144.     curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | apt-key add -
  145.     add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
  146.     apt-get -yqq update
  147.     apt-get install -yqq --no-install-recommends docker-ce=18.03.1~ce-0~ubuntu
  148.     usermod -a -G docker vagrant
  149.     chmod 666 /var/run/docker.sock
  150.     # aliyun speed up docker image download
  151.     mkdir -p /etc/docker
  152.     echo "{" > /etc/docker/daemon.json
  153.     echo '  "registry-mirrors": ["https://ht6aappv.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]' >> /etc/docker/daemon.json
  154.     echo "}" >> /etc/docker/daemon.json
  155.     systemctl daemon-reload
  156.     systemctl restart docker
  157.     # install docker-compose
  158.     DOCKER_COMPOSE=/usr/local/bin/docker-compose
  159.     if [ ! -f $DOCKER_COMPOSE ]; then
  160.         curl -sSL -o $DOCKER_COMPOSE https://code.aliyun.com/k9kdqvbb/files/raw/master/docker-compose-Linux-x86_64
  161.         chmod +x $DOCKER_COMPOSE
  162.     fi
  163.     # clean
  164.     apt-get autoremove -yqq --purge
  165.     apt-get clean && apt-get autoclean
  166.     # set bashrc
  167.     grep -q -F "HISTSIZE=1000" $USER_HOME/.bashrc || sed -i 's/^HISTSIZE=1000/HISTSIZE=100000/' $USER_HOME/.bashrc
  168.     grep -q -F "HISTFILESIZE=2000" $USER_HOME/.bashrc || sed -i 's/^HISTFILESIZE=2000/HISTFILESIZE=200000/' $USER_HOME/.bashrc
  169.     # set prefix sensitive command prompt
  170.     echo '"\e[A": history-search-backward' > $USER_HOME/.inputrc
  171.     echo '"\e[B": history-search-forward' >> $USER_HOME/.inputrc
  172.     chown vagrant: $USER_HOME/.inputrc
  173.     # config vimrc
  174.     echo 'filetype plugin indent on' > $USER_HOME/.vimrc
  175.     echo 'set nocompatible' >> $USER_HOME/.vimrc
  176.     echo 'filetype off' >> $USER_HOME/.vimrc
  177.     echo 'set mouse-=a' >> $USER_HOME/.vimrc
  178.     echo 'set fileencodings=utf-8' >> $USER_HOME/.vimrc
  179.     echo 'set termencoding=utf-8' >> $USER_HOME/.vimrc
  180.     echo 'set fileencoding=utf-8' >> $USER_HOME/.vimrc
  181.     echo 'syntax on' >> $USER_HOME/.vimrc
  182.     echo 'set nu' >> $USER_HOME/.vimrc
  183.     echo 'set tabstop=4' >> $USER_HOME/.vimrc
  184.     echo 'set shiftwidth=4' >> $USER_HOME/.vimrc
  185.     echo 'set expandtab' >> $USER_HOME/.vimrc
  186.     echo 'set cindent' >> $USER_HOME/.vimrc
  187.     echo 'set autoindent' >> $USER_HOME/.vimrc
  188.     echo 'set showmatch' >> $USER_HOME/.vimrc
  189.     echo 'set cursorline' >> $USER_HOME/.vimrc
  190.     echo 'set cursorcolumn' >> $USER_HOME/.vimrc
  191.     echo 'set incsearch' >> $USER_HOME/.vimrc
  192.     echo 'set hlsearch' >> $USER_HOME/.vimrc
  193.     echo 'set ignorecase smartcase' >> $USER_HOME/.vimrc
  194.     echo 'set nowrapscan' >> $USER_HOME/.vimrc
  195.     echo 'set laststatus=2' >> $USER_HOME/.vimrc
  196.     echo 'set nostartofline' >> $USER_HOME/.vimrc
  197.     echo 'set ruler' >> $USER_HOME/.vimrc
  198.     echo ':color desert' >> $USER_HOME/.vimrc
  199.     chown vagrant: $USER_HOME/.vimrc
  200.   SHELL
  201. end
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