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@SailorXiao 2016-08-26T00:41:40.000000Z 字数 7087 阅读 5654

spring boot学习笔记

spring-boot


spring boot 是什么

Spring Boot是由Pivotal团队提供的全新框架,其设计目的是用来简化新Spring应用的初始搭建以及开发过程。
spring boot采用了“约定优于配置” 的理念,减少了spring繁琐的配置,方便快速搭建应用
spring boot官网:http://projects.spring.io/spring-boot/

maven配置:

<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

配置解读:

hello world

官网中的hello-world,示例如下:

package hello;

import org.springframework.boot.*;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.*;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@Controller  // 标识是web的controller类
@EnableAutoConfiguration // 允许自动加载配置,Boot要采用一种特定的方式来对应用进行配置
public class SampleController {
    @RequestMapping("/") // 对应restful url的相对目录
    @ResponseBody // 将返回直接作为response的body
    String home() {
        return "Hello World!";
    }

    // 启动应用程序
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        SpringApplication.run(SampleController.class, args);
    }
}

main分离

当如果有多个controller的时候,直接把main放在一个controller里面是不合适的,那么就把main单独拆分出来

UserController.class:

package sailorxiao.SpringBootSample.controller; // 约定的controller都放在controller目录下

import org.springframework.boot.*;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.*;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
@EnableAutoConfiguration
public class UserController {
    public String helloUser() {
        return "Hello user!";
    }
}

main:

package sailorxiao.SpringBootSample; // 默认的main对应的class应该放在项目src代码的一级目录下,默认使用Application

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;

@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan
public class Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }
}

如图所示,对于main函数,没法放到单独controller里面,因此:

增加@Autowired自动装配

通常在controller中会有一些逻辑交互,需要做一些处理(比如读写db,进行一些业务逻辑等),一般会把相关的操作放到对应的service下,如下,对UserContrller进行处理,增加UserService
UserController:

package sailorxiao.SpringBootSample.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import sailorxiao.SpringBootSample.entity.User;
import sailorxiao.SpringBootSample.service.IHelloService;
import sailorxiao.SpringBootSample.service.IUserService;

@RestController
public class UserController {
    @Autowired
    private IUserService userService; //使用了自动装备,boot会自动装配对应的service对象

    @RequestMapping("/hello/{name}") // rest path中带着name,完整的url就是 http://xxxx/user/{name}
    public String helloUser(@PathVariable("name") String name) {
        return userService.helloUser(name);
    }
}

service目录下

IUserService:

package sailorxiao.SpringBootSample.service; // 所有的service约定都放在service目录下

public interface IUserService { // 对于每个service需要定义好一个interface,直接放在service目录下,名字为IXXXService
    public String helloUser(String user);
}

IUserServiceImpl:

package sailorxiao.SpringBootSample.service.impl;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import sailorxiao.SpringBootSample.service.IUserService;

@Component // 需要加上这个标签,这样main的ComponentScan才能扫描到对应的实现
public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService {
    @Override
    public String helloUser(String user) {
        return "hello " + user;
    }
}

http body 约束

很多时候,会希望传入的是一些特定规则的参数,比如我们希望在UserController中传入User对象{name:xxx,age:xxx}
controller:

package sailorxiao.SpringBootSample.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import sailorxiao.SpringBootSample.entity.User;
import sailorxiao.SpringBootSample.service.IUserService;

@RestController
public class UserController {
    @Autowired
    private IUserService userService;

    @RequestMapping("/hello/{name}")
    public String helloUser(@PathVariable("name") String name) {
        return userService.helloUser(name);
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/create", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public User createUser(@RequestBody User user) {
        return userService.createUser(user);
    }
}

User对象:

package sailorxiao.SpringBootSample.entity; // 一般而言与用户相关的对象都放在entity目录下

public class User { // User对象是个bean,有默认的set/get方法
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public String getName() {
        return this.name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return this.age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

注意,在client使用json作为body传递给server的controller的时候,需要标志contentType是"application/json",如使用以下方式:

HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();

StringRequestEntity requestEntity = new StringRequestEntity(
        jsonStr, // json的序列化后的string,比如这里应该就是USER对象序列化成json的str
        "application/json",
        "UTF-8");

PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(url);
postMethod.setRequestEntity(requestEntity);

httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod);

String resStr = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsString();
System.out.println("post res: " + resStr);

resource

有时候需要使用配置,那么在boot里面使用配置非常简单,如下,在定义配置后,只需要在程序中声明
application.properties:

host="192.168.137.10"
port=34001

properties类:

@ConfigurationProperties // 声明这个是properties的bean
public class BootMongoProperties {
    private String host;
    private int port;
    public String getHost() {
        return this.host;
    }
    public void setHost(String host) {
        this.host = host;
    }
    public int getPort() {
        return this.port;
    }
    public void setPort(int port) {
        this.port = port;
    }
}

如果配置都是以一定名称打头的,可以加上prefix字段,如:

    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.data.mongodb")
    public class BootMongoProperties {
        private String host; //表示配置项为spring.data.mongodb.host
        private int port;
        private String uri = "mongodb://localhost/test"; // 如果配置中没有配置spring.data.mongodb.uri的话,默认为该值
        public String getHost() {
            return this.host;
        }
        public void setHost(String host) {
            this.host = host;
        }
        public int getPort() {
            return this.port;
        }
        public void setPort(int port) {
            this.port = port;
        }
    }

mongodb支持

一般而言web服务中需要使用到db,那么在spring boot里面是如何进行db相关操作的呢?以mongodb为例只需要三部

第一步,配置db相关配置,如图在application.properties中配置mongodb的uri

spring.data.mongodb.uri=mongodb://sailor:sailor@192.168.137.10:34001/sailor?autoConnectRetry=true&connectTimeout=60000
spring.data.mongodb.repositories.enabled=true

第二步,声明mongoTemplate,mongodb的driver中,相关操作都是通过mongoTemplate进行的

@Resource  // @Resource表示mongoTemplate直接基于配置生成对应的mongoTemplate操作实例
private MongoTemplate mongoTemplate;

第三步,使用mongoTemplate

User user = new User(name, age); // 定义一个collection相关的bean
mongoTemplate.insert(user); // 从mongo中插入该数据,插入到user对应的类名的集合中(这里就是user)

User类:
    public class User {
        private String name;
        private int age;

        public User() {
            // do nothing
        }

        public User(String name, int age) {
            this.name = name;
            this.age = age;
        }

        public String getName() {
            return this.name;
        }

        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }

        public int getAge() {
            return this.age;
        }

        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
    }

通过以上三步,就能很简单得实现boot操作对应的db

问题

通过java -jar运行时,提示找不到main函数

解决方案,在pom.xml中加入mainClass选项,指明对应的mainClass

<build>
<plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <configuration>
                <mainClass>SailorXiao.spring.main.Main</mainClass>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>
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