@SailorXiao
2016-08-26T00:41:40.000000Z
字数 7087
阅读 5654
spring-boot
Spring Boot是由Pivotal团队提供的全新框架,其设计目的是用来简化新Spring应用的初始搭建以及开发过程。
spring boot采用了“约定优于配置” 的理念,减少了spring繁琐的配置,方便快速搭建应用
spring boot官网:http://projects.spring.io/spring-boot/
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
配置解读:
官网中的hello-world,示例如下:
package hello;
import org.springframework.boot.*;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.*;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
@Controller // 标识是web的controller类
@EnableAutoConfiguration // 允许自动加载配置,Boot要采用一种特定的方式来对应用进行配置
public class SampleController {
@RequestMapping("/") // 对应restful url的相对目录
@ResponseBody // 将返回直接作为response的body
String home() {
return "Hello World!";
}
// 启动应用程序
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
SpringApplication.run(SampleController.class, args);
}
}
当如果有多个controller的时候,直接把main放在一个controller里面是不合适的,那么就把main单独拆分出来
UserController.class:
package sailorxiao.SpringBootSample.controller; // 约定的controller都放在controller目录下
import org.springframework.boot.*;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.*;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
@EnableAutoConfiguration
public class UserController {
public String helloUser() {
return "Hello user!";
}
}
main:
package sailorxiao.SpringBootSample; // 默认的main对应的class应该放在项目src代码的一级目录下,默认使用Application
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
}
如图所示,对于main函数,没法放到单独controller里面,因此:
通常在controller中会有一些逻辑交互,需要做一些处理(比如读写db,进行一些业务逻辑等),一般会把相关的操作放到对应的service下,如下,对UserContrller进行处理,增加UserService
UserController:
package sailorxiao.SpringBootSample.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import sailorxiao.SpringBootSample.entity.User;
import sailorxiao.SpringBootSample.service.IHelloService;
import sailorxiao.SpringBootSample.service.IUserService;
@RestController
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private IUserService userService; //使用了自动装备,boot会自动装配对应的service对象
@RequestMapping("/hello/{name}") // rest path中带着name,完整的url就是 http://xxxx/user/{name}
public String helloUser(@PathVariable("name") String name) {
return userService.helloUser(name);
}
}
service目录下
IUserService:
package sailorxiao.SpringBootSample.service; // 所有的service约定都放在service目录下
public interface IUserService { // 对于每个service需要定义好一个interface,直接放在service目录下,名字为IXXXService
public String helloUser(String user);
}
IUserServiceImpl:
package sailorxiao.SpringBootSample.service.impl;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import sailorxiao.SpringBootSample.service.IUserService;
@Component // 需要加上这个标签,这样main的ComponentScan才能扫描到对应的实现
public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService {
@Override
public String helloUser(String user) {
return "hello " + user;
}
}
很多时候,会希望传入的是一些特定规则的参数,比如我们希望在UserController中传入User对象{name:xxx,age:xxx}
controller:
package sailorxiao.SpringBootSample.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import sailorxiao.SpringBootSample.entity.User;
import sailorxiao.SpringBootSample.service.IUserService;
@RestController
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private IUserService userService;
@RequestMapping("/hello/{name}")
public String helloUser(@PathVariable("name") String name) {
return userService.helloUser(name);
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/create", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public User createUser(@RequestBody User user) {
return userService.createUser(user);
}
}
User对象:
package sailorxiao.SpringBootSample.entity; // 一般而言与用户相关的对象都放在entity目录下
public class User { // User对象是个bean,有默认的set/get方法
private String name;
private int age;
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return this.age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
注意,在client使用json作为body传递给server的controller的时候,需要标志contentType是"application/json",如使用以下方式:
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
StringRequestEntity requestEntity = new StringRequestEntity(
jsonStr, // json的序列化后的string,比如这里应该就是USER对象序列化成json的str
"application/json",
"UTF-8");
PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(url);
postMethod.setRequestEntity(requestEntity);
httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod);
String resStr = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsString();
System.out.println("post res: " + resStr);
有时候需要使用配置,那么在boot里面使用配置非常简单,如下,在定义配置后,只需要在程序中声明
application.properties:
host="192.168.137.10"
port=34001
properties类:
@ConfigurationProperties // 声明这个是properties的bean
public class BootMongoProperties {
private String host;
private int port;
public String getHost() {
return this.host;
}
public void setHost(String host) {
this.host = host;
}
public int getPort() {
return this.port;
}
public void setPort(int port) {
this.port = port;
}
}
如果配置都是以一定名称打头的,可以加上prefix字段,如:
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.data.mongodb")
public class BootMongoProperties {
private String host; //表示配置项为spring.data.mongodb.host
private int port;
private String uri = "mongodb://localhost/test"; // 如果配置中没有配置spring.data.mongodb.uri的话,默认为该值
public String getHost() {
return this.host;
}
public void setHost(String host) {
this.host = host;
}
public int getPort() {
return this.port;
}
public void setPort(int port) {
this.port = port;
}
}
一般而言web服务中需要使用到db,那么在spring boot里面是如何进行db相关操作的呢?以mongodb为例只需要三部
第一步,配置db相关配置,如图在application.properties中配置mongodb的uri
spring.data.mongodb.uri=mongodb://sailor:sailor@192.168.137.10:34001/sailor?autoConnectRetry=true&connectTimeout=60000
spring.data.mongodb.repositories.enabled=true
第二步,声明mongoTemplate,mongodb的driver中,相关操作都是通过mongoTemplate进行的
@Resource // @Resource表示mongoTemplate直接基于配置生成对应的mongoTemplate操作实例
private MongoTemplate mongoTemplate;
第三步,使用mongoTemplate
User user = new User(name, age); // 定义一个collection相关的bean
mongoTemplate.insert(user); // 从mongo中插入该数据,插入到user对应的类名的集合中(这里就是user)
User类:
public class User {
private String name;
private int age;
public User() {
// do nothing
}
public User(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return this.age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
通过以上三步,就能很简单得实现boot操作对应的db
解决方案,在pom.xml中加入mainClass选项,指明对应的mainClass
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<mainClass>SailorXiao.spring.main.Main</mainClass>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>